Architecture refers to the design of a system, while infrastructure refers to the actual implementation of that system. The architecture for the Wikimedia Foundation's web servers is a specification describing how the servers are to be set up. The architecture specifies database servers running MySQL to hold the information, web servers running Apache and PHP to serve it and geographically distributed web cache servers running Squid to distribute the load. The infrastructure consists of the specific servers - mostly rack-mounted dual-processor AMD Opteron machines, software - mostly Fedora Linux, network connections and Mediawiki software. The specific hardware in the infrastructure could be replaced with, for example Intel Xeon powered servers, or UltraSPARC machines from Sun Microsystems without changing the architecture. The software could be replaced with Debian, Gentoo or Slackware Linux without changing the architecture.
Open source means that the source code for software is made available to anyone the executable software is, and that everyone has the right to modify and redistribute the software. Open source is different than the similar free software movement because it is based on technical, rather than political motivations. The underlying philosophy of the free software movement is that it is morally wrong to restrict access to source code or prohibit making changes to software. The open source movement is based on the idea that making code public improves its quality because a much larger number of people have the ability to find defects and improve the software. Linux author Linus Torvalds compares traditional proprietary software to witchcraft, where a few individuals have secret information that gives them an advantage over everyone else. Torvalds compares open source software to science, in which researchers share their results to allow for independent review of the results.
Bibliography
McNurlin B & Sprague R (2004). Information Systems Management in Practice (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
A security policy is indicated by Harris (2010) to be a set of rules as well as practices that dictates how sensitive information is to be protected, managed as well as distributed while a security model is a mere symbolic representation of the security policy. The following are the security models in use. Lattice Models This security model is based on a mathematical construct that is hugely base don the group
In England, the characteristics of what came to be known as English Gothic architecture and design is best illustrated by the Cathedral of Salisbury, built between 1220 and 1260 a.D. In order for this building to appeal to the citizens, the architects decided to construct it in a park, surrounded by verdant lawns and great stately trees. Unlike cathedrals and churches in France, this building does not reach high into
Indeed, the first use of the term 'architect' as against 'master mason' in France dates from 1511 and reflects the increasing influence of Italian ideas" ( P88). Heller goes on to state that "…humanist learning in architecture not only raised the status of the architect, it also helped to foster a new division of labor in construction…"( Heller 88). 1.4. Significance The innovative design that was exhibited in this construction was
From approximately 1930 until the 1980s, rectangular and functional spaces were the chief form of architecture around the world in general. The latter part of the 20th century -- the 1980s onward -- saw change once again, however (2008). For the most part, 20th century architecture, however, "focused on machine aesthetics or functionality and failed to incorporate any ornamental accents in the structure" (2008). The designs were, for the
Architecture and Urban Transformation: Revisioning The objective of this research is to examine the central of Footscray and specifically to posed specific questions including whether there is a discernable orderly underlying the structure of the city and how does one ready the city, decipher the complexities of the city and how does that reading inform the production of architecture? Also addressed in this study are the questions of how could the
The men had returned from the war, Americans were buying homes and putting all their energies in to building a nest for the family filled with all sorts of creature comforts. The female form reflected these comforts: it was round and healthy. On the other hand, the 1960s and 1970s signaled the rampant winds of change; while some people attribute it primarily to the debut of Twiggy, the skinny
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