As an example of the Chavin builder's keen attention to seemingly minor design details, the author's highlighted the monument's multifaceted use of structural columns throughout Chavin de Huantar's Old Temple and Circular Plaza, observing that "these structural columns ... are the only two architectural stages, illustrating possible ways in which builders at Chavin de Huantar may have adapted and continued architectural meaning across major architectural stages" (64). In the estimation of Conklin and Quilter, the Chavin people demonstrated an uncanny ability to evolve architecturally, imbuing the design of their civilization's greatest monument with a sense of continuity that expanded its influence across the span of generations. One of the primary motivations for Chavin builders to design Chavin de Huantar with continuity as their goal was that the site served as the center of worship, celebration, and ceremony for many thousands of people across hundreds of miles of territory. Despite the preexisting social divisions which undoubtedly existed between villages, families, and individual Chavin, the universality of Chavin de Huantar's design from a spiritual standpoint provided every member of the civilization with a tangible cultural touchstone. Modern archeologists have observed a deep connection between Chavin de Huantar's liberal use of animalistic, stone-cut reliefs, and the Chavin people's devotion to the ritualistic worship of deities depicted in animal form. Of the famous carvings found within Chavin de Huantar's Circular Plaza and Old Temple, Conklin and Quilter observed during the course of their study that "each plaza carries its own distinct icon: the aquatic serpent, the terrestrial jaguar,...
(and) most of the stone reliefs are associated with the entrances of important ritual buildings" (130). From an architectural standpoint, Chavin de Huantar's most important purpose within the Chavin culture's process of advancement was its ability to reinforce the traditional way of worship through modern form and function.
In addition Peru is second largest producer of zinc, third in copper and tin, fourth in lead, and sixth in gold ("Peru"). Additionally Peru's export revenue is dominated by mineral exports at nearly 63% in 2008("Peru"). According to an article found in the Wall Street Journal, Low metal prices will have a negative impact on Peru's economy well into 2009. The article explains that the Lima Stock Exchange which is
Again, Peru is far from being the most impoverished country in South America, and its export capabilities as well as the rural practices of many of the country's citizens suggest higher levels of development than might be accurately measured through statistical means alone. There is still definitely a poverty situation in the country that needs to be addressed, however. The disparity of wealth distribution amongst the country's population and the
Peru in Comparison to Uganda, Colombia, & India This paper looks at Peru, and discusses three fundamental problems faced by this country. The paper then compares Peru to three other developing countries, Uganda, Colombia and India, in terms of these three fundamental problems. Peru was subjected to over a decade of military rule, which ended in 1980; since then, the country has been ruled by a succession of democratic governments, but
Peru Sbux Economic Conditions of Peru The Peruvian economy is of modest size, with a GDP of $332 million that equates to a GDP per capita of $10,900. The GDP growth rate is 6.3% and this rate of growth has been slowing for the past couple of years. The country's unemployment rate is relatively low but over a quarter of the country lives below the poverty line. Agricultural accounts for 6.4% of
Cultural Resume of Peru Customs and Courtesies Greetings: Spanish, Quechua and Aymara are officially recognized. Many speak Spanish and an indigenous language; those with higher education often also speak English (International YMCA, n.d., p. 2). It is polite to greet all people you meet. Greetings such as "Buenos Dias" ("Good Day") and smiling are important. The address of "Gringo/Gringa" ("Foreigner") is meant politely. The most common man/woman and man/man greeting is the
Capital (% of GNI per capita) Source: The World Bank (2009) The following table shows the procedures time and costs involved in construction of a warehouse, obtaining the licenses and permits necessary and completion of the required notifications and inspections as well as obtaining utility connections. Procedures and Costs Involved in Warehouse Construction Indicator Peru Region OECD Procedures (number) Duration (days) Cost (% of income per capita) Source: The World Bank (2009) Peru is stated to rank 149 among other countries
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