This once again emphasizes the inaccuracy of the Christian myth as the sole archaeological paradigm of research. The recognition of myth and indeed the "other" in the past provides the archaeologist with a fresh view of the past, which is much richer and wider than might previously have been recognized. Indeed, the "other" is even being recognized in archaeology today, with researchers often approaching natives for information about their history, their social structures, and their mythology.
This is a very far cry from the historical view of the native as barbaric and sub-human. According to Alcida Ramos (1994:80), it was only after a papal bull from Paul III that natives were even considered human. Christianity at the time was the only recognized myth that applied to human beings. As such, it skewed the view of natives and disregarded the potential beauty of their cultures. This can however be remedied by current research.
Ramos (1994:85) also addresses the inclusion of the native in archaeological and anthropological inquiry. According to the author, such inclusion is nonetheless still subject to a large amount of racism. The Brazilian anthropologist, for example, idealizes the "pure" Indian whose values and faithfulness to the traditional paradigms of the past remain incorruptible. This is however an ideology that is not always realistic. Furthermore, once the Indian subject proves him- or herself to be human, like the white investigator, the friendship is abandoned.
Although friendlier, this is simply another form of an "us and them" classification, in which the other is attributed with characteristics that classify them as less or more human than the white race. These Indians are then regarded as heroes and representatives of idealized values. This also is not realistic and is reminiscent of the "noble savage" designation of early American times. According to Ramos (1994:86), Indians have reacted to this in kind. They are reacting against the paternalistic role in which white researchers have place themselves. They are asserting their rights and the recognition of their true history and their true nature. This alone should further encourage the post-processualist study of archaeology and its related disciplines.
This is a lesson for archaeologists. Post-processualism teaches not only recognition, but also respect for the paradigms of the other. It seeks to understand rather than criticize or override. In Ramos, the researcher attempts to override with his or her own ideology relating to the perfect Indian. The rebellion against this proves that this is not respect. It is simply another form of prejudice.
Post-processualism in archaeology is the most useful paradigm of study, as it recognizes that many different interpretations of the past are possible. The specific differences in interpretation are not as important as recognizing the fact that they exist. This recognition needs to be integrated with interactions with people being studied. As in Ramos's example, it is important that the academic do not confuse his or her own ideologies of what the truth should be with what is actually inherent in the human being studied. It is also important to recognize that native nations in whatever country are primarily human. They are neither sub- nor superhuman.
Post-processualism is therefore a vital part of archaeological study if academic accuracy is to be achieved on a variety of levels not only for the past, but also for the present and the future. In terms of the past, the study of material culture can indicate the inner workings that influenced the artifacts. This provides a more accurate representation of how the culture of the time interacted and lived.
The present integrates deeply with the past in terms of human relationships during the study of...
But a multi-disciplinary approach is always useful. 4. Should archaeology students be required to take ethnographic methods classes? Yes, because that knowledge is necessary in understanding the cultures of local communities or indigenous people on whose territory an archeologist studies sites and artifacts. Local communities are also affected by excavations and the knowledge about them is essential for doing archaeology. 5. Why is timely publication important? The data are already old! One of
Archaeology After brushing off all the debris, the team of archaeologists lifted the time capsule with a great sense of satisfaction and placed it on the research table. Inside we found five items that will enhance our understanding of life in the United States of America, circa 1969. The first two items we unearthed from the time capsule were bundled together using a piece of rough twine. The larger of the
Archaeology The issue at hand with respect to Olmec pottery relates to the chemical composition of the pottery sherds, and the implications that these chemical compositions have for the trade of pottery among the people of the Mexican highlands. There are two positions posited in the readings, and Sharer (2006) does a good job of explaining the issue. All of the researchers use instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine the
Archaeology The Archaeological and Historical Consequences of the U.S. Invasion of Iraq Like any war, the war waged against Iraq by U.S. forces has resulted in the destruction of more than just military sites. Many of Iraq's cultural sites, including museums, libraries and significant ancient sites have been the victims of destruction. According to article by National Geographic News, "although U.S. bombs have spared most sites and treasures, some ancient locations have been
Recent Great Discovery in Archaeology: The Lost Golden City of Luxor in EgyptFor decades, experts had examined the pottery of the Moche, an early civilization of farmers and fishermen who flourished between 1,900 and 1,200 years ago along Peru�s north coast (Benson, 1-22). Throughout the years, archeologists have actively undertaken exploration projects to discover some of the renowned ancient civilizations and various aspects of man, including the remains of early
Nobles, Connie H. (2000). Gazing upon the invisible: Women and children at the Old Baton Rouge Penitentiary. American Antiquity, 65(1), 5. Archaeological investigation of the Old Baton Rouge Penitentiary includes studying artifacts to determine the conditions of the children and women who were housed there as prisoners. "There were a total of 1,310 artifacts collected from this site. Five major categories of items include: 1) ceramic goods, 2) glass vessels, 3)
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now