One organism, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), kills approximately 19,000 Americans annually, which is more than HIV / AIDS, Parkinson's disease, emphysema, and homicide combined (5). In the mid-1980s, the incidence of MRSA isolates was close to zero, and by 1998 the incidence of MRSA was approximately 70% in Japan, 40% in Belgium, 30% in the United Kingdom, and 28% in the United States (1). Every year, 2 million Americans obtain hospital-acquired infections, most of which are caused by antibiotic resistant microorganisms, and result in 99,000 deaths (5). In malaria-endemic countries, resistance to earlier anti-malaria medications such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is widespread, which sustains malaria as a significant health threat (2). Antibiotic resistance is relevant in every country, and has the potential to affect all strands of bacteria that are responsible for human infection.
Threat of Antibiotic Resistance
The prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is not only a threat to global health, but also poses dangers for health expenditures, trade, and economy. In 2002, the cost of health care expenditures caused by antibiotic resistant microbes in the United States was estimated at $7 billion (1). Antibiotic resistance not only proves fatal to many patients, but it inhibits the control of infection diseases. This reduces the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments, causing patients to need medical care longer, and increases the risk of antibiotic resistant bacteria spreading to other patients. The WHO explains antibiotic resistance threatens to return global health to the pre-antibiotic era as many infectious diseases have the potential to become uncontrollable (2). Since conventional antibiotics can not be used on resistant bacteria, more expensive treatments are required, again causing longer hospital stays, and escalates the cost of healthcare. Growing costs of healthcare can weaken economies, both domestic and global. As antibiotic resistant bacteria continue to spread, and treatments become less effective, the growth of global trade and travel only intensifies the problem by allowing bacteria to travel the globe faster (2). Combating the threat of antibiotic resistant bacteria requires rational use of antibiotics, infection prevention and control, and patient safety at the very least.
Conclusion
The discovery of antibiotics,...
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Essay Topic Examples 1. The Prevalence and Impact of Surgical Site Infections in Modern Healthcare: This essay would explore the current data on the frequency of surgical site infections (SSIs), their impact on patient outcomes, length of hospital stays, and the resulting financial burden on healthcare systems. It would also delve into the importance of SSI surveillance and the effectiveness of prevention strategies. 2. Antibiotic Resistance and Surgical Site Infection Prevention: This
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