Researchers believe that incorporating evidence-based prevention methods can decrease the incidence of ACL ruptures, but an understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of sports injury are a necessary to do this (Posthumus, 2009).
The highest prevalence of extrinsic ACL injuries tends to occur in organized sports especially adolescents participating in pivoting type sports such as football, basketball, and team handball (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In addition to any intrinsic factors and adolescent may have, or predisposing factors, environmental factors surrounding organized sports can also play a role in injury. For example, weather conditions (slippery surface), type of surface sport is played on (grass vs. pavement), proper footwear, and protective bracing (Posthumus, 2009).
A growing concern regarding these injuries and the populations that incur them is that these injuries increase the risk of osteoarthritis (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In fact, after ten years, around half of all people that have suffered from an ACL injury show signs of osteoarthritis, and studies show that almost all of these ACL injury sufferers will have osteoarthritis after 15-20 years irrespective of treatment choice (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In preventing osteoarthritis, having good muscle function is key, but it isn't understood very well if reconstructive surgery to repair muscle function is helpful (Ageberg et al., 2008).
III. CARING for, and INJURY PREVENTION in the ACL
There are many intervention programs that are being used in an attempt to reduce the risk of ACL injuries most of which are geared toward addressing neuromuscular function (Grindstaff et al. 2006). For example, plyometrics, strength training, balance training, core training, and stretching are all techniques that are being used to better train the body for sport on muscular strength and neuromuscular level in order to enhance technique with great success (Grindstaff et al., 2006). These training techniques also improve agility and increase awareness of foot and body placement, and positioning, specific to the sport being played (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). However, limited knowledge of injury causation inhibits knowing exactly which training component is the most important in preventing knee and ankle injuries (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005).
IV. CONCLUSION
In...
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