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Daley, J. (2018, January/February). Where the Ice Age Caribou Ranged: Searching for Prehistoric Hunting Grounds in an Unlikely Place. Archeology, 34-37.

The author of this article, Jason Daley, recalls an amazing attempt by John OShea, a University of Michigan archeologist, to identify signs of caribou hunters in the Subarctic, and his subsequent findings. According to Daley, this attempt was largely born out of OSheas thought provoking assertion to the effect that if herds of caribou had once migrated across this landscape there were probably people hunting them. OSheas exploration sheds light on not only the land bridge itself, but also how the said Ice Age landscape may have been exploited by hunters. As OShea was studying human-reindeer interactions, he also became interested in Lake Hurons underwater topographical representations/maps which indicated what is now referred to as Alpena-Amberley Ridge which is essentially a 112 miles long underwater rocky formation/ridge. He became convinced that the ridge may have preserved existing stone hunting formations. OSheas thoughts were largely valid given the relative calm, and hence undisturbed, depths of Lake Huron. However, an attempt to investigate the phenomenon was in essence a logistical nightmare especially given the extensive area to be covered and depth limitations. The systematic approach used, however, worked and by stroke of luck, OShea and his team stumbled upon a man-made drive lane that had been designed in such a way that caribou would be herded into a coral, whereby upon reaching a predetermined hunting blind, they would be killed by the waiting Paleo-Indians. This was followed by the discovery of similar structures. With the help of modern technology, OShea and his team have been able to further survey the ridge. As a matter of fact, they were able to identify previously undiscovered hunting structures via the utilization of 3-D virtual models of the range.

I am of the opinion that the utilization of modern technology, as opposed to overreliance on intuition, in an attempt to predict more sites could particularly be beneficial. This is more so the case as OShea and his team fail to answer some of the queries that remain...

…exactly what Claudia Rodgers, the author of this article, sets about to do. The author find out that how Columbus was perceived by diverse communities was largely imprecise and cannot be distinctly or definitely defined. This, as per the authors findings, is more so the case given that by dint of their unique circumstances, communities perceived, and hence responded to Christians in marked and distinctive ways. It is important to note that while some communities were hostile to Columbus and his crew, others avoided them by fleeing, while others were more friendly and welcoming even trading with them.

There is no doubt whatsoever that this is a well-researched article. The fact that the author goes out of his way to gather pertinent historical facts and data to support his assertions and viewpoints further reinforces our understanding of the encounter between Europeans and Tainos. The author also leaves open a door for further prodding of the subject matter. This is more so the case when it comes to the further exploration of not only the Tainos philosophy of…

Sources used in this document:

Sitaraman, G. (2017, April). Divided we Fall. New Republic, 42-45.

Since Donald Trump took power, many have questioned his commitment to not only the rule of law, but also his devotion and dedication to the further enhancement of democracy in America. However, according to the author, Ganesh Sitaraman, heaping the blame on trump is missing the point. The root cause of the constitutional crisis, in the author’s own words is “massive economic inequality and deeply entrenched political divisions.” In that regard, therefore, the author sees Trump as the symptom, and not the cause of the current crisis faced by the country. As the author further points out, there is no magic pill for the current problem the country faces.

Although the author is correct in his assertion that the constitution was not designed to match some social conditions, he misses the point on the credentials of the Founding Fathers. By referring to them as opportunists, the author fails to appreciate individual selfless efforts of the likes of Samuel Adams, Thomas Jefferson and George Washington towards the formation of a model for the country’s fundamental principles. Although some of the founding fathers may not have had the interest of the nation at heart, it is important to note that the country has evolved in ways that could not be predicted at the time – effectively rendering our constitution less effective on a few occasions. Further, some failures on the part of the drafters were expected out of innocent errors of commission or omission, such as failure by the Founding Fathers to come up with a framework to fix emergent economic divisions. I therefore agree with the author that there is need to rebuild the foundation of economic opportunity by amongst other things revamping our tax system. This, in my opinion, and as per the author’s viewpoints, will call for an all-inclusive approach – in which case all stakeholders work together towards a common end.

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