Animal Research
Milgram and the Ethics of Psychological Experimentation
Milgram's experiment, while it may be viewed as controversial in a modern context, was ultimately ethical. This is because the American Psychological Association (or "APA") provides five general principles in its ethical code of conduct, the document scientists are meant to use to govern ethical decision-making in experiment design and implementation. Milgram's work does not defy any of these principles, which are given as: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for People's Rights and Dignity (APA, 2010). One of the stated ethical goals is "safeguard the welfare and rights of…subjects of research" (APA, 2010). While this may appear to run counter to the Milgram experiment, in which subjects were led to believe that they had a hand in causing harm to another human being (which could result in psychological distress), in fact the experimenters took care to treat the subjects humanely and with dignity. For example, the subjects were assured of the safety of the "learner"...
Milgram's study illustrates that many who have had the responsibility taken from them are although not happy but content to continue with a procedure as long as they are not directly held responsible, thereby giving rise to an obedience through social bonding and situations (Hayes & Orell PG). In this situation in a comparison with the Tuskegee experiment and Milgram's experiment it can be argued that the members of the medical
RICK HOUSER'S BOOK COUNSELING AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Rick Houser's book "Counseling and Educational Research" Rick Houser's book "Counseling and Educational Research" Why is it important to acquire necessary skills in research for a counselor? Clinical counselors are doctoral-level providers of health services skilled in counseling clients while evaluating and treating emotional and mental disorders utilizing scientific theories and methods. Adequate interpersonal correspondence skills are imperative. A clinical counselor must have the ability to listen
(Singer, 2003, p. 36) Education should be a constructive process. Palinscar states that the teacher must assume an active and directive role by establishing the pace, content, and goals of the lesson. (Palincsar, 1998) Byra also described such a process of "task progression" through which content is broken down and sequenced into meaningful learning experiences. (Byra, 2004) the lesson learned from receiving fifty percent credit on a late assignment
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