Hashimoto Thyroiditis
ACRONYMS
TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
T3 Triiodothyronine
T4 Thyroxine
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
The condition, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, is named after Hakaru Hashimoto, a Japanese scientist, who uncovered the disease in the year 1912. Amino, DeGroot, and Akamizu (2013) write that Hashimoto explained the conditions of four types of individuals having a chronic thyroid disorder, that he labeled as "struma lymphomatosa." These individuals' thyroid glands had diffused lymphocytic infiltration, parenchymal atrophy, fibrosis, and eosinophilic acinar-cell change. Pathological as well as clinical researches of Hashimoto Thyroiditis have been conducted frequently since Hashimoto first described the affliction.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, is an autoimmune syndrome wherein a person's immune system attacks body tissues, organs and cells. Persons suffering from this affliction have a thyroid malfunction, a condition known as hypothyroidism, wherein the thyroid gland ceases to secrete sufficient hormones to meet the needs of the body. This gland, situated at the anterior part of the neck, produces hormones is responsible for controlling metabolism, including one's heart rate as well as the rate with which one's body burns up calories from the food consumed. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis inflames a patient's thyroid gland. In other words, the body's immune system attacks the person's thyroid gland, as though it were some foreign tissue. Scholars in the field are yet to ascertain the exact cause of this autoimmune process (WebMD, 2005-2016).
Goiter, i.e., a thyroid enlargement, is among the foremost symptoms of the condition of Hashimoto Thyroiditis. Enlargement in the thyroid may cause the sufferer's neck to appear swollen. This may even result in difficulties in swallowing and breathing. With continued damage to one's thyroid, the gland may shrink with time; the goiter might disappear eventually. Other symptoms and signs that arise from underactive thyroid gland might include trouble losing weight (or weight gain issues), excessive fatigue or tiredness, dry, thin hair, constipation, slow heart rate, and muscle or joint pain. Individuals suffering from this disorder might also be characterized by paleness and puffiness of the face, and might feel unnaturally cold . Among women who are affected by the condition, the problem of conceiving children and irregular or heavy menstrual periods may arise. Furthermore, those with thyroid hormone shortage may also suffer depression and difficulty in concentrating (Genetics Home Reference, 2016).
Incidence and Prevalence
Gaberscek and Zaletel (2011) state that Hashimoto's condition is among the most widespread autoimmune ailments triggered in genetically vulnerable people, by numerous triggers, which include gender (female), changes to immune system following delivery, iodine intake, fetal microchimerism, and environmental factors. Researchers have found that Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is a lot more prevalent in females than in males. While the condition is typically supposed to arise in teens or young adults, one can see it more commonly among women aged from 30 to 50 years. Estimates reveal that no less 20 million people in the U.S. suffer from one or another type of thyroid issue, with approximately 60% of individuals not knowing that they are suffering from the condition. One out of eight females will be affected by some thyroid disorder in her life. Hypothyroidism represents one among the most widely occurring thyroid disorders. A recent analysis indicated that as far as 10% of females aged above 60 years have subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism. Furthermore, the condition appears to be hereditary. Researchers in the field are endeavoring to detect the gene(s) responsible for transmitting this disease from generation to generation (Kresser, 2010).
Research scholars have, for instance, discovered that consumption of excessive amounts of iodine can inhibit the production of thyroid hormone among vulnerable people. Pesticides and other chemicals released in the environment, together with specific drugs and viral infections can bring about autoimmune thyroid problems as well. A number of susceptibility genes might be involved, when it comes to Thyroiditis development, of which some are common to other autoimmune disorders, whereas others are thyroid-specific.
Basic Pathophysiology
DeGroot, Akamizu, and Amino (2013) clarify that Hashimoto's condition is clinically characterized as a pain-free, widely occurring, diffused thyroid gland enlargement chiefly appearing among middle-aged females. While patients are usually euthyroid, hypothyroidism might arise. A fibrotic reaction and lymphocytic infiltrate may diffusely replace the parenchyma of the thyroid gland. Normally, one can see lymphoid germinal follicles. Focus has been upon this process, owing to the manifestation of autoimmune conditions in a majority of patients. Those suffering from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis possess serum antibodies that react with thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin, while reacting against an unknown protein found in colloid. Moreover, several patients are characterized by cell-mediated immunity which is against the antigens of thyroid which...
Along with this changing ability to help parents deal with their loss have come various rituals. Increasing numbers of parents are recognizing how such rituals provide connection to their community, a sense of the sacred and an outlet to do something about their grief. Some of the rituals actually come from other cultures that are much more open about the subject of death. In Japan, for example, the traditional Jizo
Essay Topic Examples 1. The Psychological Impact of Miscarriage on Women and Couples: This essay will explore the emotional and mental repercussions that miscarriages have on the individuals directly involved, particularly women and their partners. It will delve into the different stages of grief, the potential for depression, and the psychological interventions that can support recovery. 2. Understanding the Medical Causes and Risk Factors of Miscarriage: This essay will focus on the scientific and
Moreover, unprocessed grief can resurface years later, and a common trigger can be a loss or an experience that is similar in circumstance to the original loss (Kader pp). According to Kader, this is the reason some adults who have been functioning well prior to a major traumatic event "will have a tremendously hard time recovering from this stressor while others will not have the same difficulties under similar
Civil Liberty? The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti During the height of the first so-called "red scare" in the United States from 1919 to 1920, two Italian anarchist immigrants, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, were charged and tried for murder but the evidence against them was spurious (Robbins 178). Throughout what many observers termed "the trial of the century," Sacco and Vanzetti experienced prosecutorial and judicial misconduct. Consequently, these two men
Injustice in the Supreme Court Gideon v. Wainwright This was a case where Gideon was a defendant and was denied the right to have a counsel defending him because he was not charged with a capital offense. The Florida court argued that the court was only obliged to provide him with a counsel if he was charged with a capital offense. However, upon taking the case to the Supreme Court, it was
Miranda Fricker's 'Central Case' of Testimonial Injustice Considering a case in which Tom, a black man is alleged to have raped a white woman; Miranda explores how injustice happens within the confines of offering testimony. Tom is a black man living in Alabama accused of raping a white woman. Every detail and evidence that tries to bring out Tom as not the possible suspect are disapproved because of Tom's blackness. Tom
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now