Guilt and its limits as a positive force upon the human condition -- two texts grappling with this central issue, from Nietzsche the Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo and the Myth of Psychotherapy: Mental Healing As Religion, Rhetoric, and Repression by Thomas Szasz
From the hectoring Jewish mother to the penitent pilgrim standing in the Christian confessional, to patient upon the psychiatrist's couch, guilt has proved to be a powerful motivating force in modern society as well as the ancient world of morality. Or thus "sprach" conventional wisdom, to coin a phrase of Frederick Nietzsche, in regards to his famous construction of Zarathustra. In other words, this commonly expressed human sense of guilt has often, across a wide variety of cultures and historical times, been viewed as a positive influence upon human life and human moral society. Nietzsche, in his The Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo sees guilt as essentially a Western and Christian construct, imposed upon classical civilization. However, even after the overt emphasis on guilt regarding human life has begun to ebb in terms of its Christian stress, guilt remains a strong strain in even secular, Puritanical societies, from the 9 to 5 grind of the work day, to the alleged obligations one owes to the sacrifices made by one's family for one's success.
Also, the common images of the motivating forces of guilt, it should be noted, existed even in a classical context, in the punishing view of some underworlds, including that of the Greeks and Romans where individuals suffered torments for defying the Gods, and even in non-Christian contexts such as the son of the Jewish joke, the strains of guilt live on within our culture. Guilt drives us, conventional wisdom suggests today, even shorn of Christian iconography, to get up in the morning and go to work to earn enough money to buy our children bread and to honor our obligations as citizens in paying taxes to the government that protects us with its military and system of laws -- protects us against ourselves as well...
Papyri Awakening Osiris: The Egyptian Book of the Dead The Egyptian Book of the Dead is a western title for an ancient collection of Egyptian manuscripts, the majority of which were funerary in nature. These collected writings have also been referred to as the Egyptian Bible or identified by the names of the scribes who penned them. The Papyrus of Ani comprises the most significant contribution to these texts, though there are
Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) was an American scientist, historian and philosopher who wrote a controversial book in 1962 called The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and from an early age expressed interest in science, particularly physics; obtaining his BS degree in physics from Harvard in 1943. He stayed at Harvard for his MS and PhD, and credits the period of the late 1940s in helping him
In his attempt to paint the goddess, the Renaissance painter inspired from the mythological legend of Venus's birth. The Roman Goddess of love apparently emerged out of the sea as a result of a foam formed around Uranus's genitals that had just been cut by his son, Cronus. Cronus apparently did so in order to get revenge, since his father treated him very cruelly (Deimling 52). Botticelli focused on emphasizing
guilt stage, that occurs in the preschool years, where the child is about 31/2 to 51/2 years old. During this stage the child learns: (1) to imagine, to broaden his skills through active play of all sorts, including fantasy (2) to cooperate with others (3) to lead as well as to follow (Wagner, 2007). Immobilized by guilt, he is: (1) fearful (2) hangs on the fringes of groups (3)
special education has changed dramatically. Gone are the days of the special classroom down the hall where special education students were hidden away and kept from the general student population. Gone are the days when special education students were given comic books to read and passed because they were there. Civil rights mandates of the 1960's turned the world of special education inside out and today, four decades later,
Pedagogic Model for Teaching of Technology to Special Education Students Almost thirty years ago, the American federal government passed an act mandating the availability of a free and appropriate public education for all handicapped children. In 1990, this act was updated and reformed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which itself was reformed in 1997. At each step, the goal was to make education more equitable and more accessible to
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