Shoplifting is currently one among the most prevalent of non-violent offenses in the U.S.A. Shoplifting refers to stealing property put forward for sale. It is a costly issue - U.S. businesses and consumers lose billions every year to shoplifting. The former have to bear the burden of security-related costs and that of lost merchandise, while the latter have to pay a larger amount as retail prices as sellers pass on those costs. The police must strive hard to ensure prevention of the crime, as well as capture of shoplifters (Shoplifting Prevention Guide, 2011). Shoplifters come from all income levels and age groups. Literally anybody entering a retail outlet may be a possible shoplifter. Shoplifters generally appear to be of two types: professionals, for whom this is their livelihood; and amateurs, who steal for many different reasons. This may involve merely a wish to possess the product, a wish to own luxuries, group status or peer pressure, kleptomania, stealing for fun, stealing to support any drug habit, a desperate need (e.g. a beggar stealing clothes or food), believing that the shop owes them the item, and so forth (Shoplifting Prevention Guide, 2011).

Prevention and Detection

1. Two-Way Mirrors (Retail and business Security)

This technique of theft detection/prevention is relatively old. Such mirrors are strategically placed all over shops, allowing constant surveillance to security officers. The mirrors work as follows: the glass on the side of the main store floor (normally well-lit) appears to be a mirror, while it actually is a window that, on the security room side (dimly lighted to ensure very little transmission of light via the glass) allows a clear view of the other side. Shoplifters can only see their own reflection. However, security officers, because of the intense light on the shop floor, can see the main store clearly. In simple words, while shoplifters are unable to see security officials, security officers have a clear view of the shoplifter. It is only possible to look through from the shop floor if its lights are dimmed; i.e. in such a case, people from both sides can see one another through the glass. Similarly, in case the security room is brightly lit, the mirror becomes a glass, allowing people to view each other from both sides.

2. Video Monitoring (Retail and business Security)

Technological advances have accorded greater flexibility...

Current security systems that employ Internet Protocol (IP) cameras possess easy installation and maintenance characteristics. They can be almost completely customized, enabling development of a business security system that is based on individual company needs. Placing video monitors around the business at strategic positions allows security officials to monitor shoplifting as well as other crimes. For example, in a recent crime in Kansas's Overland Park, a man aged 26 was detained and convicted of murdering a girl of 18 years. His capture and subsequent sentence was possible because of a Target surveillance camera, which showed him forcing the girl into her vehicle. The girl's body was discovered some days later in a woody location in Missouri. The video showing the abduction proved instrumental in catching the criminal.
3. Presence of Security Officer (Retail and business Security)

It is extremely handy to have qualified security officials employed for the store. A retail business's specific needs determine whether plain-clothes or uniformed security officials are employed. Thorough training of security officers in shoplifting methods, capturing shoplifters, and when to use restraint and force, etc. is essential.

Uniformed security officials should do more than just stand at the store's entrance and greet incoming customers. They must walk around the store, making their presence felt in every aisle, and on every floor. The goal is maximizing physical presence, thereby deterring shoplifting. However, a routine should not be set -- that is, they must be spontaneous and not follow an identical route every time or walk around at a fixed hour each day; this prevents shoplifters from discovering the routine of the security officer.

Plain-clothes personnel have a different role compared to uniformed security personnel; the former are primarily concerned with catching offenders in the act of shoplifting. Their role is an 'undercover' one -- they have to look like ordinary shoppers, and mustn't be wearing apparel that looks like security or police attire. Their responsibilities include store patrolling, detaining and searching suspected shoplifters, communicating the information acquired by them to local police, maintaining detailed notes of the incident, report writing, and communicating information about new shoplifting trends…