The measure of risk is expressed as the ratio of bird strikes occurring every 100,000 flying hours. This measure is however relatively insensitive to technical improvements. Therefore a reduction in safety is not anticipated but is calculated afterwards when increased bird strikes have already happened. Therefore, BASH managers are disadvantaged because they are able to respond only after bird strikes happen (ibid., 209-212). The authors introduce a new method for risk assessment based upon near-miss events that complement risk calculations based upon reported bird strikes. Improvements in digital avian tracking
radars help biologists to monitor and assess near-miss events. Near-miss events occur much more frequently. By adding in the near miss data, estimates of bird strikes are made more accurate (ibid., 213-214).
In the jet age, many forget that rotary driven aircraft make up a great percentage of the civil aviation fleet. In a study published in the journal of American Meteorological Society, the dynamic effects associated with approaching cold fronts cause amplification of the lee wave and rotor,.
This creates increasingly hazardous flight conditions at nearby airports. Quick winds measured by Doppler LIDAR (light detection and ranging) and 915-MHz wind profilers have been found to produce light-to-moderate turbulence for a research aircraft making missed approaches. The Doppler LIDAR's detailed measurements of lee-wave -- rotor systems allow evaluations of RAMS' ability to capture these complex wind features. Numerical simulations tied with technology help to predict the effects of rapidly evolving wind systems upon rotor aircraft. In any event, new technologies need to be rapidly integrated into the civil aviation system to anticipate safety hazard events (Darby & Poulos, 2006, 2857-2873).
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