Bahrain's National Action Charter, the Bahrain Economic Vision 2030, and the National Strategic Master Plan 2030 all promote sustainable economic development. A number of formal governmental and private sector organizations help to inform actual strategies for improving Bahrain's environmental assessments. The key issues the Kingdom of Bahrain faces in the early 21st century include water access, air pollution, urban development, rising sea levels, the pollution of the ocean by the petrochemical industries, and ineffective waste management.
Water
Until 1925, Bahrain relied on freshwater springs. By the 1980s, almost all of those freshwater sources had ceased flowing, and now the Kingdom relies on "non-conventional sources of water," namely desalination (Bahrain Economic Development Board, 2017). Bahrain has four desalination plants. Still, Bahrain has a terrible water consumption ratio and is ranked as the second most wasteful water user in the world, measured in water per square centimeter of land (Bahrain Economic Development Board, 2017). To address problems with water scarcity and water management, the government of Bahrain has established the Water Resources Council.
(Image of Bahrain desalination plant from Google Images)
Air Quality Climate Change Integrated Policy Climate change has been a prominent issue in policy making since 20th century scientists discovered the detrimental effect of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Being responsible for the well-being and longevity of their people, governments have attempted to create policies to help their countries mitigate problems associated with climate change. However, integration seems to have been problematic on a variety of levels. There appears to
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Pollution Strategies Improve Air Quality do not think that today's pollution strategies can improve our air quality. Although we are told by the media that the air quality is getting better, why then do incidence of asthma, cancer, acid rain, global warming, Greenhouse Gas levels and the hole in the ozone layer continue to get worse? Each year both larger conglomerates, smaller industrial companies, industrially strong nations like the
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