Because 70% to 80% of all aviation accidents are considered to involve human error, one promising avenue appears to be investments in a better understanding of, and better support for, human performance and human-machine interaction. This includes improved system and feedback design as well as new forms of pilot training to reduce the potential for errors and their catastrophic consequences [1]. Although the need for introducing these changes is widely recognized, progress is slow and faces a number of challenges. The economic pressure and competition in the worldwide aviation industry are intense, and manufacturers and carriers are careful not to invest in proposed solutions without guaranteed safety (and financial) paybacks. In addition, the time of national standards and regulations in the aviation domain has ended. Many proposed changes in design, training, or operations need to be accepted and applied worldwide. This need for international consensus slows down, and sometimes prevents, progress. Yet another obstacle is the fact that some in the aviation industry still consider increased automation to be the solution to, rather than a potential source of, human factors problems. To them, observed difficulties are the consequence of human error rather than symptoms of mismatches between human(s), machine(s), and the environment in which they collaborate [1]. In the post-September 11, 2001 environment, such air accident investigations have assumed new importance and relevance, which directly relates to the problem considered in this study which is discussed further below.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
Airline operating conditions that may affect aircraft damage severity include flying conditions, phase of aircraft flight, pilot utilization, and type of airline service (Phillips & Talley) [2]. Between 1989 and 1997, there was an increase in the rate of accidents caused by ground crew error. Most of these accidents did not result in serious injury or loss of life but rather were accidents in which a vehicle such as a catering or fuel truck collided with an aircraft and damaged it or in which an aircraft was pushed back...
Often times this is done to preserve the evidence and wreckage associated with a crash and in the instances where criminal investigations and evidence are pursued, these chains of command are useful in dealing with the implications surrounding the criminal acts. A press room and actions involving journalists also take place in this headquarters area. After a crash is investigated, the NTSB prepares statements from witnesses or other pertinent parties
Airplane Crash Investigations Accident investigations are very different in regards to individual crashes. This paper examines the investigation of two plane crashes, Dallas Airlines Flight 191 and United Airlines Flight 173. The Dallas investigation did have good accessibility to the crash site with multiple first responding organizations from local municipalities, but with a slow reaction time. Meanwhile, United Airlines Flight 173 was clearly caused by pilot error, as the plane ran
The NAAP structural integrity program includes three tests including Widespread Fatigue Damage (WFD), Damage tolerance analysis (DTA) and DTA based airframe repair assessment. The supplemental inspection programs of the FAA ensure that commercial airlines fulfill the structural safety requirements. Any structural defects that are observed during the normal operation of an airplane or those that are revealed after an accident are issued as Airworthiness Directives (AD). The FAA periodically
These were confirmed by the changes in the longitudinal (0.20 to 0.14 G), lateral (0.05 G. To the left) and normal load factors (1.0 to 0.6 G). [NTSB ] The data also showed that between the critical time of 0915:52 and 0915:58.5 five separate rudder movements (1.7 inches right to 1.7 inches left, 1.7 inches right, 2.0 inches right, 2.4 inches left, and 1.3 inches right) were noticeable. The FDR
.. I think he's passed off to our right." Later, the first officer is heard asking, "Are we clear of that Cessna?" The flight engineer responds with, "Supposed to be"; and the captain says, "I guess." ("CVR Transcript..." n.d.). The Accident The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation report, referring to eyewitness accounts records that both aircrafts were proceeding in an easterly direction before the collision. The Boeing was descending and overtaking
When an airplane catches on fire and jet fuel is the catalyst, the amount of time that the plane and the object around it will burn is dependent on many different factors. One of the primary factors is the amount of fuel that is still contained on the plane. For instance a jet that is taking a transatlantic flight will have more jet fuel than a regional flight. Investigators
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