Old Age
A) The authors surveyed 122 adults in three groups (young, middle aged and older) and expected that older adults would receive the most unsolicited advice and offers of support, and also more likely to find these unwelcome than the younger and middle aged groups. They found that older adults, especially those living alone, received fewer offers than the younger groups, but all groups had "the same level of unpleasant affect" (p. 227). Older people were particularly likely to find offers or advice unwelcome if their compentecy was questioned.
B) Most people in the study received advice from sugnifucant ithers such as spouses and relatives (58%), compared to 28% that came from friends and 14% from strangers, and 56% reported that knowing the person made them more liklely to regard the advice as pleasant (p. 236).
C1) All participants reported receiving more advice associated with everyday cognition, competence and health than with finance and life management. Younger adults received more unwanted advice about age identity and cognition, and older adults less advice about finances and life management than the younger and middle-aged groups. No age differences appeared in health adive and tangible aid (p. 234).
C2) Regardless of age the German participants demonstrated a "considerable consensus" about the type of offers and advice they regarded as unpleasant. They also shared certain norms about the circumstances under which advice should be offered and on which subjects (p. 241). American culture would probably be less formal about social status and interactions than the Germans and freer in giving and offering advice. Older Germans especially would be more formal and authoritarian than Americans, and would also share certain memories about the Second World War that would have no equivalent in the United States. For example, the 'euthanasia' program in Nazi Germany targeted the mentally ill, the handicapped and those perceived to be of 'lesser value' to society, which would make these very sensitive subjects. In addition, American society would be more diverse and pluralistic than the U.S. so the cultural norms and reactions might be less rigid and predictable.
D1) Adolescents would probably resemble the young adults in this...
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