African-American Women in New York State
"About 30% of Hispanic and 20% of African-Americans lack a usual source of health care compared with less than 16% of European-Americans" (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2003). "Racial and ethnic disparities in health care, whether in insurance coverage, access, or quality of care, are one of many factors producing inequalities in health status in the United States" (Lillie-Blanton & Lewis, 2005, p. 1). "No universally accepted definition of health disparities or health inequities currently exists; to some, disparities are simply differences in health processes or outcomes between population groups" (Meyers, 2007, p. 1).
"Clearly understanding ethnical and racial health disparities demands a careful examination of all groups in all societies in which such disparities exist" (Dressler, Oths & Gravlee, 2005, p. 233). Eliminating disparities in health and healthcare was a priority identified in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2010 initiative (Kilbourne, Switzer, Hyman, Crowley-Matoka & Fine, 2006).
In this research report the author has described the current health situation and issues facing African-American Women in the New York city. After describing the current health status i.e population, birth rate, health status, infant mortality rate, the author focussed on the major issue i.e HIV Aids. The main focus of the research report is racial and ethnical disadvantages, as well as discrimination in regards to being HIV positive attempting to receive primary care treatment. It is challenging and to eradicate these disparities for government and institutions partially because their causes are tangled with a controversial history of
However, it is important to assure better fairness and liability in the healthcare system to a rising regional base, including those who purchase, pay and health plan and for those too who provide health care. (Lillie-Blanton & Lewis, 2005). As currently much research has been conducted on healthcare disparities and information is available on healthcare disparities, the focal point of research has been changed from assessing and exploring disparities toward exploring the roots and causes of these health disparities as well as developing interventions to improve them. James, Thomas and Lillie-Blanton (2007), state that facts and figures are still incomplete for certain racial and ethnic subgroups, and for those who self recognize with more than one racial group. "Information that documents health care disparities is important to understanding where progress has been made and the challenges that remain" (James, Thomas & Lillie-Blanton, 2007).
Current Health Status: African-American Women in New York
Dressler, Oths, and Gravlee (2005) state that based on present investigation comparatively little development was made toward the objective to eliminate racial and ethnic inequalities among the health status pointers throughout the last 10 years. Progress toward the goal of eliminating health disparities will require more concerted efforts during the next 10 years. For HIV prevention to be successful in communities of color, such as Pacific Islanders, Hispanics and/or American Indians, research must specifically target the African-American communities.
In the New York Metro African-American population is the leading than any other city in the United States which is almost 3.5 million. This is approximately 9% of the whole Black population of the United States. While there are 2.4 million African-Americans in the New York City . African-American women form 52%.(CDC Health, United States report, 2007)
Health Statistics show that 18% of African-American Women in New York City currently smoke, 79% are overweight in the age group of 20 years and above Life Expectency has increased as of 1900 which was averaged 33 .5 and now its 76.5. 41% have hypertension problem in African-American in New York State
Overall infant mortality rate in the United States (the number of deaths among infants aged
" (Thompson et al., 2000, p. 127) 4. Further research and resources There are many areas of this subject that are in need of more extensive research in order to more adequately deal with the problems involves. One example of this can be seen in the fact that, "Black women are three times more likely than white women to die during pregnancy, and twice as many black babies as white babies die
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(Archie-Booker, Cervero, and Langone, 1999) This study concludes that: "...power relations manifested themselves concretely through these factors in the social and organizational context, which by defining African-American learners as generic entities, produced undifferentiated educational programs." (Archie-Booker, Cervero, and Langone, 1999) The work of Gilbert and Wright reports a study conducted through collecting a series of articles in which African-American women were interviewed concerning living with AIDS. They write in their
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