African-American Immigrations
African Immigration to the New World
The initial immigration of Africans and people of African descent is inexorably linked to the slave trade and the institution of chattel slavery in the United States. Although immigration patterns would inevitably vary, they all tended to do so according to the relationship between this country and its regard for slavery. Due to the fact that the beginnings of these people's immigration to the U.S. -- which is noted to have begun as early as the middle of the 16th century (no author) -- precipitated the founding of the nation, Africans and those of African descent would play a fairly integral role in the foundation of the nation-to-be. In purely economic terms, their very landing on American soil already represented the monetary impact that they would have on this society, since slave labor was very costly. Additionally, however, these people would be the most foremost form of labor within certain regions and would come to be one of the most valued assets of the triangular trade that involved the U.S., Europe, and Africa (and parts of the West Indies).
It is interesting to note that the first people of African descent to reach U.S. shores were typically from the West Indies or Europe, and accompanied explorers in the capacity of indentured servants in the mid-16th century. They frequently worked in tandem with European indentured servants (Foley) and were able to integrate themselves into society. However, African immigration began in earnest towards the middle and latter portions of the 17th century, due to the advent of the plantation system and the economic value found in crops such as tobacco, rice, and eventually cotton. There are estimates that "eleven to twelve million Africans were forcibly carried to the Americas," and that "one-half million were taken to what became…the United States" (Berlin). Slaves were taken to port areas such as Providence, Rhode...
African-American Studies Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance is a cultural movement that began during the second decade of the 20th century, also known as the "New Negro Movement." The Harlem Renaissance came about as a result of a series of changes in American society during the time. One major turning point during this period of American history was the significant changes in the American population. Reconstruction was over; the country began its
Thus, the New Negro Movement refers to the new way of thinking, and encompasses all the elements of the Negro Renaissance, artistically, socially and politically (New). The Harlem Renaissance changed the dynamics of African-American culture in the United States forever, for it was proof that whites did not have a monopoly on literature, arts and culture (Harlem). The many personalities of the era, such as composer Duke Ellington, dancer Josephine
African-American Women in New York State "About 30% of Hispanic and 20% of African-Americans lack a usual source of health care compared with less than 16% of European-Americans" (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2003). "Racial and ethnic disparities in health care, whether in insurance coverage, access, or quality of care, are one of many factors producing inequalities in health status in the United States" (Lillie-Blanton & Lewis, 2005, p. 1).
As the vast majority of African-Americans do not know where their ancestors came from, it is difficult to trace one's roots back to the African continent. At the same time, the United States, while certainly the nation that nearly every African-American would consider to be home, has hardly been hospitable to African-Americans throughout history. Even today, nearly a quarter of all African-American families in the United States live below
If this approach is taken, most law abiding immigrants will be allowed to come to the U.S. through legal avenues. Those who chose to break the law will face stiff penalties from the zero tolerance policy. This will push everyone to use the new system to legally immigrate to the U.S. Domestically, this will address the needs of the nation's long-term labor challenges and illegal immigration. Internationally, the zero tolerance
Government Impact the Lives of Individuals Between 1900 and 1945, the United States was characterized by major demographic, technological and economic changes, which took Americans to the moon. These changes greatly altered the ways that Americans lived and work and constructed a new housing stock, new automobiles and increased production to counter the challenge of the doubling populace. During this period a bigger African-American middle class emerged. A wave of social and
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