Prospects for African-American children raised in such communities are greatly diminished because of the lack of interaction between blacks and whites. Moreover, minority possibilities for advancement consequently decline from the lower quality of education afforded to them in ghetto schools, precluding them from competing for high-income employment. Although these inequalities are not always directly caused by intentional discrimination, residential racial segregation perpetuates these inequalities. Thus, minorities who live in racially homogeneous communities are faced with disadvantages beyond the present economic and social inequalities associated with minority neighborhoods." (Seitles, 1996)
Recent Studies and Their Findings
In a study reported in 2001 by Target Market New Service confirmed that African-Americans have experienced accelerated health problems, specifically in terms of Asthma suffers in Chicago where the death rate for African-Americans in Chicago is more than double the national rates and Cook County, Illinois has one of the highest asthma mortality rates...which are accredited to "the wide variety of pollutants that cause and/or aggravate asthma come from numerous sources such as industrial waste, auto emission, building material, or energy production."
Howard University Study, 1988(Further stated is: "For generations African-Americans in Chicago like many others in the United States did not have equal access to newer suburban homes because of legal and extra legal racial discrimination in housing. Restrictive covenants, riots, bombings and redlining kept African-Americans out of newer housing in Chicago from 1915 to the early 1970s. This historical pattern of unequal access to newer homes is at the root of the current lead poisoning dilemma in Chicago's African-American communities. According to the article Lead Poisoning: Still a Common Problem in Chicago written by Northwestern University physician and professor, Helen J. Binns 59% of the homes in the city of Chicago were built before 1950. This is an important fact since lead-based paint is found in 88% of private homes built before 1940. This percent increases to 92% for homes built between 1940 and 1959 and then decreases to 76% for homes built between 1960 and 1979." (Howard University Case Study, 1988) As integration of racial divisions occur in neighborhood simultaneous opportunities are presented to minorities to attain better educations, to live in healthier environments and realize many other previously unattainable advantages. Seitles (1996) finds that: "Inclusionary housing increases chances for minorities to gain and sustain employment, in that employment is nearer to housing, decreasing travel time and transportation problems. Without such inclusionary policies, many suburban communities would continue to offer little opportunity for their low-income employees to find affordable housing. Inclusionary techniques not only provide housing for employees close to where jobs are located, but also save employees valuable time and energy, thereby reducing absenteeism and travel costs. Other benefits that have been cited include improved air quality, less traffic congestion, an increased labor market, and shorter commutes. The significant advantages of integration for minorities from economically deprived areas are meaningful, and attest to the importance of demanding fair and pragmatic inclusionary policies." The area of Chicago referred to as Garfield Park with East Garfield Park being one neighborhood and West Garfield Park being another neighborhood. r generations African-Americans in Chicago like many others in the United States did not have equal access to newer suburban homes because of legal and extra legal racial discrimination in housing. Restrictive covenants, riots, bombings and redlining kept African-Americans out of newer housing in Chicago from 1915 to the early 1970s. This historical pattern of unequal access to newer homes is at the root of the current lead poisoning dilemma in Chicago's African-American communities. According to the article Lead Poisoning: Still a Common Problem in Chicago written by Northwestern University physician and professor, Helen J. Binns 59% of the homes in the city of Chicago were built before 1950. This is an important fact since lead-based paint is found in 88% of private homes built before 1940. This percent increases...
African-Americans are second only to Native Americans, historically, in terms of poor treatment at the hands of mainstream American society. Although African-Americans living today enjoy nominal equality, the social context in which blacks interact with the rest of society is still one that tangibly differentiates them from the rest of America. This cultural bias towards blacks is in many notable ways more apparent than the treatment of other people of
The simultaneous convergence of these leaders, groups, and movements, is easy to understand when one considers the environment of the Harlem area during the early 1900s. With vast numbers of new African-American citizens having come from the racist south, the area was ripe with social, political, and cultural concepts that come with new found freedom. In such a charged atmosphere, leaders such as Garvey had an audience ready to listen,
Furthermore, as a result of these conditions there was a general failure of black business and entrepreneurships. "Black businesses failed, crushing the entrepreneurial spirit that had been an essential element of the Negro Renaissance." (the Great Depression: A History in the Key of Jazz) However this did not crush the general spirit of the African-American people and there was a resurgence of black culture and enterprise in area such as
The oil spill in North Carolina caught her attention along with the fact that "Forty-one states send [toxic] waste to Emelle, Alabama, where 86% of the population is African-American" (Kaplan, p. 378). The skill that Burwell showed in pushing the issue that there was clearly a strategy to place dangerous toxic waste dumps -- that give off cancer-causing PCBs -- in areas where minorities lived was impressive. "Dollie, determined
" You figure, Williams explained to the author, you don't like what's happening at home in Chicago, and now in the U.S. Marines "...you finally get a chance to get away." Those were Williams' reasons for joining the military and participating in the Vietnam War as an African-American youth. Indeed Williams saw the military as not just an escape, but as "a form of incarceration" - but the war might
Edgar Hoover, makes public its continuing investigation into the activities of black nationalist organizations, singling out the Black Panther Party in particular, Hoover viewing the group as a national security threat. January 05, 1970 Blacks Move Out of Inner Cities: The Bureau of Census statistics show as the quality of life in poverty-stricken urban communities worsens, a continuous stream of middle-class blacks escape to higher-income neighborhoods and suburbs. February 13, 1970 First Black
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