Affirmative Action
The term 'affirmative action' collectively refers to the positive steps that have been taken to increase the representation of minority groups in business, employment, and college admissions by according them preferential treatment in a bid to make up for the injustices committed against them in the past (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2001). Its contestation, defense, and development often proceeds along two paths -- administrative and legal (in the form of executive orders or court rulings requiring organizations to practice affirmative action) and public debate (in the form of literature showing the pros and cons of such preferential treatment). A notable case of the former was witnessed a few years back, when the Supreme Court ruled against three white students from the University of Michigan who had challenged the university's selection policy, which gave students from minority groups higher points, on grounds that it encouraged race-based discrimination (Messerli, 2012). The school's argument then was that the policy presented opportunities for achieving true diversity; an argument that has been approved by most of the proponents of affirmative action. Skeptics have, however, questioned its rationale, with some arguing that it has already served its purpose and is no longer necessary, unless the nation plans to make up for past injustices for its entire existence. This text analyses the arguments presented by both the opposing and the proposing factions in a bid to determine whether affirmative action supports an ethical rationale for diversity and inclusion.
Before embarking on the main discussion, however, it would be prudent to first present several examples of situations and court cases with affirmative action in play, just to give insight into the specific ethical questions involved in this case.
Weber v. United Steelworkers of America (1979): in this case, a white employee brought suit against a Louisiana steel manufacturing plant, arguing that its in-plant training program, which distributed positions on a 50-50 basis between white...
Affirmative Action: Elements, Features, And Controversies 'Affirmative action', as we know it today, was first utilized by President Kennedy in an executive order directing contractors engaged by the federal government to see to it that applicants and employees were treated with no reference to their national origin, color, creed, or race (Nebraska Advisory Committee, 1979). Affirmative action collectively refers to those policies and actions meant to cushion historically-excluded and underrepresented groups
Instead of pretending that racism and its effects no longer exist, we need to strengthen affirmative action and devise a new set of policies that directly tackle the racial gap in wealth." (Derrity, 1). That, in a nutshell, is the position of this paper. America has not given affirmative action enough time to act. Moving forward, we should continue our affirmative action policies, but with an end in mind. Economists
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Collective bargaining agreements refer to a document of agreement signed between the management of a firm and its employees prepared by representative labor union that specifies terms of employment such as duration, wages, work conditions etc. In nursing profession, CBA are not something new and while some may oppose it, most still believe that these agreements are for the benefit of nurses and hence must be signed as they offer
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