Adolescent Bullying Fact Sheet
Nursing
Etiology/Pathophysiology/Incidence/Prevalence
Opinions regarding the etiology of bullying vary. As with many behaviors, there are those that contend that bullies learn and practice behaviors of aggression and violence in the home environment. Some argue that bullies hurt others because they experience abuse in their own lives and manifest their feelings of disgust & horror at their own weakness or vulnerability by hurting others. There are also arguments that some people become bullies because they lack sufficient social intelligence, awareness and skill. They may perceive aggression or hostility in others, including in their words & behaviors, when the person victimized by the bully, truly shows no signs nor has no intentions of violence or conflict. The pathophysiology of bullies includes higher blood pressure, subpar impulse control, and other physical indicators of stress, anger, rage, and even confusion. Those who are victimized may sweat excessively, have anxiety attacks, higher blood pressure, headaches, problems controlling their bladders & bowels, and more. Adolescent boys are far more likely to become bullies than girls, yet the frequency and intensity of female bullying continues to warrant attention & research as it is on the rise. (NYVPRC, 2002) There is also research that argues that males are likely to be more physically violent that females with regard to bullying, but as more research is performed, these figures and assumptions change. The home environment is a key factor in the incidence and prevalence of bullying. Where there is little emotional support, where there are forms of abuse (physical, substance, etc.), where the parents are not involved in the lives of their children -- these are just some of the factors that contribute to the prevalence and incidence of easily angered, pro-violence, impulsive adolescent bullies with low tolerances for frustration....
For the children who were being bullied, there were no differences by race found for where it occurred, or the likelihood of getting help (2008). However, the researchers found a dramatic difference by race for racist name-calling with one-half of the Asian students who were bulled, but none of the bullied white students, experiencing name-calling in association to their skin color or ethnicity (2008). However, in a study conducted by
Bullying has evolved into a growing concern among child development specialists. With an increase in teenage suicide and an explosion of reports of online harassment, bullying has changed the way that adolescents interact with each other. For decades the act of bullying has been accepted as being a part of life that children deal with and then grow out of. However, the case is that the gravity of these incidences
More and more children are becoming victims of cyberbullying with an estimated range of between 19% and 42% being bullied online at least one time (Wolak, Mitchell & Finkelhor, 2006). Reports also indicate that children who participated in traditional bullying are becoming increasingly more involved in cyberbullying; reflecting very high percentages of those children acting as cyber bullies (Kowalski & Limber, 2007). In a recent study of 177 seventh grade
Bullying -- and Victims Summary of Important Facts on Page 502 of the Text About 10 to 20% of today's children are bullies and up to 30% of children are victimized over and over. About a third to a half of victims are also aggressive and they do fight back. There are interventions available for victims and the best way to reduce bullying is to promote sports and other recreational activities, and
The key years during which experimentation occurs - between 13 and 16. Kobus discusses influences that launch an adolescent's smoking habit from several perspectives. First, the "social learning theory": relationships that are "more intimate" and that are developed "earlier in the youth's experiences" and thought to be more important; and youths are more likely to "imitate the smoking habits" (or non-smoking habits) of those with whom they have the closes
It is during Middle School that this first becomes a social ideal.."..Studies indicate that starting in middle school, bullies are considered 'cool,' while their victims are rejected from the social milieu." (Smith-Heavenrich) Early adolescence is when the competitive, cutthroat mindset begins to emerge in the form of bullying. Statistically, bullying is staggering. Half of all violence against teenagers occurs not on the streets or at home, but on school property,
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