History Of Addiction
Addiction is an age old phenomena which has existed and has been persistent over the centuries, only difference has been it being acknowledged. People have been and will always be physically dependent on a number of external stimulants that provide them with satisfaction, gratification and enjoyment but when an individual's dependency on certain activities or some of these substances becomes obsessive in a gratuitous way then it is termed as an addiction. The contentment or happiness that was initially associated with stimulants has ceased to be the main reason of one being involved with them and it is slowly turning to the pleasures that are given by the substance or the activity becoming the life line of that person and hence ends up being a very crucial part of the person's existence and their survival (Senwor, 2010).
Different forms of addiction
Unlike the old schools of thoughts addiction is not supposed to be confined to drugs only but to other things like sex, gambling and alcohol.in the present day addiction is measured on a wider scope and hence it should not be restricted to external factors that are substance related. This should include non-standard and abnormal behavior and unusual dependencies on any other activity or thing be it food, drinking, gambling, workaholic behavior, excessive shopping or even matters relating to spiritual obsession (Senwor, 2010).
Drug addiction
Human beings have used drugs of one type or another for thousands of years. Wine was used at least from during the early Egyptian days: narcotics from 4000 B.C: and the use of marijuana for medical purposes dates back to 2737 B.C. In China.it was not until the 19th century when the active substances in the drugs began being extracted. There followed a time when some of these substances such as morphine, cocaine and laudine that were newly discovered were under no regulations completely and they ere being prescribed by physicians for a wide variety of ailments. These substances were widely available in patent medicines and were sold in drugstores, by travelling tinkers or even through the mail. During the civil war in America Morphine was used freely and the wounded veterans came back home with their kits containing morphine and hypodermic needles. Opium dens became so many and they were extremely flourishing. By 1900s the number of addicted people in United States was estimated to be 250,000 (Pearson Education, 2006).
Expansion of drug culture
Until 1960s drugs used for recreation were only confined to a small part of the population. This brought about a public attitude of tolerance towards these drugs the effects of drug use on most of the peoples psychology and emotions were termed as being enjoyable. Rock music and the lifestyle that came with it and the support media had on drugs made the use of drugs to spread throughout.
Psychology of addiction
Scientific investigations that have been carried out in recent decades have yielded a better understanding of the true psychological basis of addiction. Technology and research has paved way for increased awareness of the process of addiction. This has brought about an advanced achievement when it comes to the discovery and mapping of the neurotransmitters and hormones that affect strongly what we feel as well as our inclinations. The new aspects of nervous and endocrine system functions are key when it comes to understanding addiction. Cultural and sociological investigators have used scientific method to try and understand addiction. This model looks at social stereotypes hat are reinforced by social psychology as well as the actual physiological process. The model ascertains that drug abuse has been powered by emotional and motivational aspects of our nature as human beings. Another theory psychologist have used to explain addiction is the homeostatic theory any form of sickness, mental disorder and disease is defined in some way as being caused by an imbalance or dysfunction of the homeostatic relationship. This is also true when it comes to substance abuse and addiction. A lot of research is being carried out on he relationship between homeostasis and addiction. For a fact any drug ingested affects the natural homeostasis of the body and the different drugs affect these systems in a different ways. Therefore all these substances produce their own unique potential for psychological and physical addiction (Sheldon, 2010).
Psychology of addiction
Addiction is a social, psychological and genetic process and keeping an individual away from their addiction in most cases manifests in psychological actions such as anxiety, depression and restlessness. The psychology of addiction has proved over time that an addiction is in the mind of an individual and can be overcome only through ones self-control and
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