Addiction…Final Outline
Food Addiction: Causes and Treatment
First Study
Fortuna, J.L. (2012). The obsesity epidemic and food addiction: Clinical similarities to drug
Dependence. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 44(1), pp. 56-63.
As of 2010, nearly 70% of adult Americans were overweight or obese. Fast food establishments are abundant, portion sizes are larger, and people generally have insufficient intake of Omega 3 fatty acids. Additionally, Americans do not get sufficient physical exercise.
Sugar primes endorphin and dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, similar to the "high" experienced by users of illegal drugs. In some individuals, this brings about addictive behavior very similar to that seen in alcoholics and substance addicts.
Methods
Fortuna reviewed the literature that investigated two clinical similarities between food addiction and drug dependence.
Animal studies show that bingeing on high-sugar foods, compared to fat dense foods, trigger the release of endorphin and dopamine.
3. Similar results were obtained with human subjects.
C. Results
1. Researchers found that cravings for specific drugs and palatable foods exist in many of the same neural pathways.
2. Loss of inhibitory control may occur following the consumption of even a small amount of a food or drug that had previously induced euphoria or displayed palliative properties.
II. Second Study
Karin, R., and Chaudhri, P. (2012). Behavioral addictions: An overview. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 44(1), pp. 5-17.
A. Introduction
1. Karin and Chaudhri point to the well-known concept of addiction to substances, and argue the term "addiction" can just as readily be applied...
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