Actuarial vs. Clinical Predictions
There are several issues of note in the time-honored debate as to whether it is more effective to employs actuarial or clinical predications for the purpose of assessment. On the one hand, it would appear congruent with the job of psychologists to actually perform clinical studies and utilize predictions as such to evaluate various issues of people and of incidents. The principle problem with this approach is that it leaves room for human error, which can overthrow the entire purpose of a clinical study. Conversely, there is little denying the fact that an actuarial "set of rules" (Kaplan, year, p. 554) can oftentimes determine the results of clinical studies without such human error. However, the actuarial approach may possibly be bested by a clinical approach when there is a "variety of sources" (Kaplan, year, p.554) contributing data to clinical predications. Of course, the clinicians would still need to correctly interpret such data and utilize it as bereft of errors as possible. Additionally, it is worth noting that if an actuarial approach is utilized, one can imply clinicians can simply figure out these predictions via the means of computers -- which inherently reduces the role of the clinician in performing a research study. As such, clinicians have the question of choosing to utilize such technological means of doing their work for them, or systematically engaging in clinical studies while attempting to reduce error as much as possible.
Human Rights and Testing
Of the many prominent issues related to human rights and testing, the willingness on the part of the subject who is tested is fairly critical one. Most test takers are willing participants. However, there are three instances in which their volition is either suggested or not necessary for them to partake in a test. These three instances are when assessment is used...
Violence and Risk Assessment and Serial Homicide The objective of this study is to examine violence risk assessment and the type of tools and their effectiveness for determining violent reoffenders. Lurigio and Harris (2009) reports in the work entitled "Mental Illness, Violence, and Risk Assessment: An Evidence-Based Review" that the link that has been presumed "between violence and mental illness has long been an ongoing subject of investigation." (2009) The question
Dugan: Should be on its own page. Juvenile recidivism is a prevalent problem in the criminal justice system. Tackling reoffending remains a complex task requiring several strategies and aims. It involves research, acknowledgement of causes, factors, exploration, and evaluation of subgroups to generate long-term, positive changes in the lives of juvenile offenders. From gang violence to Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive (ICAP), researchers discover some of the reasons why juveniles
Relevance Juvenile offenders and reoffenders are an important problem facing the United States criminal justice system. For more than one hundred years, states held the belief that the juvenile justice system acted as a vehicle to safeguard the public via offering a structure that enables the rehabilitation of children growing into adulthood. States identified the difference of children committing crimes versus adult offenders (Loeber & Farrington, 2012). For example, the states
Evaluative Paragraph Vitacco, M.J., Gonsalves, V., Tomony, J., Smith, B, Lishner, D.A. (2012). "Can standardized measures of risk predict inpatient violence?: Combining static and dynamic variables to improve accuracy." Criminal Justice and Behavior. 39: 589-606. This particular source is concerned with the efficacy of the predictive prowess of a number of different methods for auguring which forensic inpatients are likely to commit acts of violence in clinical settings. Based on a
Abstract for Gause, Simpson & Biggs (2009): "Within the United States, schools offer many opportunities for developing obesity-prevention strategies" (Paxson, Donahue, Orleans, & Grisso, 2006, pg. 9). Many programs are offered in the schools, but most are single faceted programs targeting obesity through reformed nutritional programs or increasing physical activity within the schools. Minimal program offerings and research are available that have a multi-faceted approach to addressing the self-esteem of children
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