From a security standpoint, this access control method has the most potential as it is difficult to replicate a finger print, or retinal scan.
4) The forth factor is someone you know. In this access control concept, another person who knows the individual in question can provide a human element of authentication in situations where systems have been set up to allow for such scenarios. For example, a user may have their password, but have forgotten their smart card. In such a scenario, if the user is known to designated cohorts, the cohorts may provide their smart card and password, in combination with the extant factor of the user in question, and thus provide two factors for the user with the missing credential, giving three factors overall to allow access (Rhee, 2003)
In addition to the factors mentioned above, access can be granted based on specific metrics or criteria. These criteria are particularly useful online, as it allows individuals to limit their overall exposure to a data breach. There are four main methods in which to do so (Gralla, 2007).
1. Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
In MAC, users do not have much freedom to determine who has access to their files. Instead certain categories of clearance of given to certain individuals based on factors such as trust, tenure and knowledge. For example, security clearance for those individuals in the military. In these situations, depending on the level of clearance, certain information can be accessed.
In DAC, the data owner determines who can access specific resources. For example, a system administrator may create a hierarchy of files to be accessed based on certain permissions. This system is used primarily in companies that rely heavily on human capital. Google may only want to allow access to its search engine algorithm to certain individuals within the company.
3. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
RBAC allows access based on the job title. For example, a human resources specialist should not have permissions to create network accounts; this should be a role reserved for network administrators. This is often used throughout business to prevent fraud or criminal activity. By restricting access based on job title, certain individuals can only perform certain tasks. This helps to better pinpoint any discrepancies or questionable activity that may occur.
4. Rule-Based Access Control this form of access control is based a certain criteria or constraint. An example of this would be only allowing students to use the labs during a certain time of the day. This access control limits the available time that a breach can potentially occur (Gralla, 2007).
Refernces:
1) Gralla, Preston (2007). How the Internet Works. Indianapolis: Que Pub. ISBN 0-7897-2132-5.
2) Rhee, M.Y. (2003). Internet Security: Cryptographic Principles, Algorithms and Protocols. Chichester: Wiley, ISBN 0-470-85285-2.
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