"What are the most important things you have learned in geography this semester and how does a knowledge of geography have survival value for American citizens?"


things cover was Europe-expansion of the european union and growing role of unified germany in europe

russia the socialy geography of russia , health crisis and econmomic hardships

north america regional developments in the new economy

middle america developments in panama''s canal corridor following the takewover of the waterway.

south america & north Africa and asia

General Electric Corp. is involved in a high profile controversy with the enviromental groups over pcb contamination of the
Hudson River. Although the alleged contamination occurred decades ago, environmentalists contend that GE has a moral and ethical
responsibility to clean up the mess that it created. Studies have been conducted on both sides to support each''s position. The Journal News syndicate in Westchester is one
source of information on the progress of the case. The assignment is to prepare a research paper (double spaced) with a bibliography and footnotes that analyzes the case from
the perspective of (ethics, regulation, environment, health, community, philanthropy, technology). In the analysis be sure to capture both sides of the case as well as the opinions of
experts in the field.
Be sure to address the following questions: 1. Did GE do anything illegal?
2.Did GE behave unethically at any time? 3. Is GE behaving as a good citizen?
4.Will the clean up cause more environmental problems that it solves?
5. Who eventually "pays" for the clean up?
6. Did goverment act responsibly in its activites in this case?
7. Should GE do more? If so, what?
8. What would have been your recommendations? Justify?

Dear Sir,
I am a Thai Student of Master Degree in a School of Language and Communication, and now I am working too. So, please help me to finished term paper are as follows:

Questions:
1.If you were assigned to teach group of students who have never learned English before, what would you do during the first three weeks? What would be the characteristics of the things you intended to teach? If your students made mistakes, what would you do? If they refused to talk, what would you do?
(Please use the book New York Oxford, Oxford University Press,1982) I think in Chapter 1: Overview.

2.Discuss the importance of environment on second language acquisition. What kind of environment is essential for second language acquisition? (Please use the book New York Oxford, Oxford University Press,1982) Chapter 2.

Recommendations:
- Questions 1 & 2 , every answer must be at least 1-2 pages long.
- Please using 1.5 space and "times new roman" font (size 12). Leave 1-inch left and right margins.
- Use APA format. If the idea is not yours, make sure to provide the source.

3.Imagine that you want to learn Spanish as a second language. You are a 29-year-old Thai citizen who is monolingual. You have been living in Bangkok for the past 29 years. You have some basic knowledge of English because it is a compulsory subject at school. You are self-confident and open-minded. Regarding the effects of personality and age, what factors are considered beneficial for your Spanish language learning efforts? Support your claims with relevant research previously conducted by well-known researchers. Please use the book New York Oxford, Oxford University Press,1982) I think in Chapter 4.

Recommendations:
- Questions 3 , every answer must be at least 1000 words or 3 pages long.
- Please using 1.5 space and "times new roman" font (size 12). Leave 1-inch left and right margins.
- Use APA format.If the idea is not yours, make sure to provide the source.

Public Life/Show Business as Disease

This paper is to be on the movies The Rose, Nashville, and Citizen Kane.

The paper is to be written in response to the films for the week (listed above).

I''d like these papers to have punch and be as controversial as possible. Think of them as a "newspaper editorial." Argue for your point of view.

Papers may be written in an informal style. Footnotes will generally not be necessary though you should indicate in the text page numbers of passages you are quoting or paraphrasing. Generally, I''d like you to focus on the films instead of going off on some wild tangent. Eash essay must have a title and a thesis. The title should, in many cases provocatively suggest what the thesis will be. When you are writing these papers you should ask yourself: "Can I say in one sentence what my thesis is, and does my title suggest what it is?" If not, you probably don''t know what you want to say, and if you don''t know what you want to say you are unlikely to say something worthwhile.

This is a proposal argument as noted in fax. The teacher is a grad student that likes to keep the thesis statements simple and to the point. Her model for the statement is should/should not do x. My proposal subject is we should legally require recycling or we should make it a crime to not recycle or congress should legislate that every citizen is required to recycle, etc. There should be only 3 citations of the 7 from the interent. The full details of this order will be included in the fax that is being sent at this time. From (919-929-2063). The instructions that are being faxed are detailed-the text for this class is "Writing Arguments 5th edition by John Ramage-Chapter 14 Proposal Arguments. Thanks please email [email protected] with questions.
There are faxes for this order.

Topic: Anthrax in the United States Postal Service

Area of concentration: Introduction

History of Anthrax
Definition of Anthrax
Signs and Symptoms of Anthrax
What are the fatality rate for the various forms of anthrax (e.g., cutaneous anthrax, inhalational anthrax and gastrointestinal anthrax)?
Did physicians had in depth knowledge on how to treat people who were exposed or infected with cutaneous or inhalation anthrax during the outbreak in 2002?

Who set the guidelines for physicians and government officials for treating people exposed to anthrax?

Because many people who work in mail facilities may be expose to anthrax, what is the difference between exposure to anthrax and disease caused by anthrax?

Anthrax surfaced in the post office
>When was the most recent outbreak of anthrax that took notoriety in the United States?
>where there any fatalities?
>How many people died from anthrax and what was there occupation?
>What areas or locations contaminated by anthrax?
>Who were exposed and infected with anthrax?
>What was the treatment given to those exposed and infected with anthrax.
>What is the name of the drug and why does it work and how long is the drug administered to combat anthrax?

Procedural Guideline for Handling Anthrax in the Post Office:

>What procedural guidelines did the post office followed to ensure the safety of the workers when anthrax first surfaced?
>Where there any peesonnal protection equipment given to the employees immediately after learning its toxic effects?
>What information did the post office disseminate to customers when receiving a suspicious letter or package in the mail?

Postal Workers Outraged

>What was the reason public health officials did not consider postal workers to be high-risk group when they are the prime canadate to come in contact with anthax?
>where they thinking in terms of anthrax spores that they find to be minuscule?
>Many postal workers accused the government of ignoring them while rushing to test lawmakers after the potentialy deadly disease surfaced on the Capital Hill. Was this fair to the workers?

Morgan Postal Facility in Manhattan New York found anthrax on four huge sorter tainted with anthrax what procedure did management followed to protect the safety of the workers?

Was Morgan shut down for decontamination?
The postal workers felt like they were being treated like second-class citizen. Why?
Why did the Union pursue this matter in court and charged the USPS for violating the safety of the workiers and what was the result?

What was the absenteeism like during this incident?

Unlike Morgan mail facility, what procedure did Newark Main Post Office followed when they discover copper cyanide on one of the sorting machine. What is copper cyanide? Can it be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin?

Conclusion: based on the overview of the paper any you perspective.

NOTE: Sources must come from magazines, newspaper articles, and internet basically other sources may be included.

APA STYLE ONLY

Santizing the Mail
What Steps have the USPS taken to protect postal service employees and customers from exposure to biohazardous materials and to combat potential biological threats to mail?

Research the causes of American preference to local government and traditional distrust of centralized government. Comparisons should be used in the research between America and Western European nations and placed in a historical context.

Finally, illustrate why discovering these causes and related research data would be important to public administration administators and to the average American citizen.

Paper on Pron and cons of Criminal DNA Data Banks and the Privacy issues to citizens. The pros and cons must include the ethical values behind their postions and provide some resolution factors and how they were obtained.

Case Analysis Paper

Students will each select a public policy issue that deals with value conflicts and suggest an alternative that can resolve the value conflicts. Then each student is to write a 6 page paper that contains 5 chapters:

1. Introduction (Identification of the public or private issue that will be addressed, background information about the issue, identification of the opposing parties (actors), identification of the positions of the opposing parties).

2. Value Conflicts: Identification of the value(s) behind the opposing positions. Conflicts between the opposing values, and discussion of the value conflicts

3. Policy Alternatives. Description of the proposed policy alternatives that can resolve or mitigate the value conflicts between the opposing values (What they are and who proposed them).

4. Resolution of the Issue and Value Conflicts (Description of how the proposed alternatives address the problem of value polarization (value conflict) around the issue, Assessment of the policy alternatives, recommendation of a policy alternative that can address the value conflict).

5. Conclusions (Brief summary of the paper, statements about any remaining unresolved aspects of the issue, future directions of the issue, statements about what has been learned by going through the case analysis paper writing process, other concluding remarks).

(In a nutshell, provide some background information about that topic, identify the opposing positions regarding the topic (along with identifying those who advocate the specific positions), identify the values that are behind those positions, identify the policy alternatives that are being considered by those who hold those opposing positions, assess those policy alternatives, and recommend a policy alternative that can address the value conflicts).

WILL BE E-MAILING ADDIIONAL INTERNET RESOURCE SPECIFIC DNA INFORMATION AND LEGISLATION

To whom it may concern,

Below are the specifications of my work, thanks:

*5 pages
*number pages on bottom
*footnote any quotes



Topic and quotes (these are from "Preface to Spinoza's Critique of Religion and "Relativism") to be analyzed:

Is Strauss right to believe that modern liberalism entails relativism and hence nihilism and self-destruction?

?Preface?, p.230: ?From every point of view it looks as if the Jewish people were the chosen people, at least in the sense that the Jewish problem is the most manifest symbol of the human problem insofar as it is a social or political problem.?

p.230: ?As certainly as the liberal state will not ?discriminate? against its Jewish citizens, as certainly is it constitutionally unable and even unwilling to prevent ?discrimination? against Jews on the part of individuals or groups. To recognize a private sphere in the sense indicated means to permit private ?discrimination?, to protect it, and thus in fact to foster it. The liberal state cannot provide a solution to the Jewish problem, for such a solution would require the legal prohibition against every kind of ?discrimination?, that is, the abolition of the private sphere, the denial of the difference between state and society, the destruction of the liberal state.?

Liberalism Ancient and Modern, p.63: ?Through that philosophy the humane desire for tolerance is pushed to the extreme where tolerance becomes perverted into the abandonment of all standards and hence of all discipline[?]. But absolute tolerance is altogether impossible; the allegedly absolute tolerance turns into ferocious hatred of those who have stated most clearly and most forcefully that there are unchangeable standards founded in the nature of man and the nature of things.?

This research paper?s content should be pertaining to College level, but its grammar and sentence structure should not be strong. (High school level or paper that is written by a person who?s English is as second language. Everyone knows that I am a foreigner, and I don?t have strong writing skill.)

Quotes should be about 20%~ 25%, and could include some quotes from a book called ?The Pinochet Papers; the case of augusto Pinochet in Spain and Britain? by Reed Brody and Michael Ratner. Published in 2000 by Kluwer Lay International. And/Or ?Pinochet; the politics of Torture? by Hugh O?Shaughnessy published in 2000.

Here is my introduction, could you write based on my introduction or just revise/add some/more statements of what this paper is going to be in the body.

Introduction (revisable [not completely])
General Augusto Pinochet is guilty for the torture, disappear, and murder of thousands of Chilean including international citizens; but he has not yet brought to justice. After Patricio Aylwin inaugurated democratic presidency in 1990, it is annoying how he brings excuses or exercises control to avoid facing justice. Pinochet declared himself to Commander of Chief of Army and afterward, Senator for life in Chile. He enforced the Organic Laws, which threat on new incoming government that Pinochet?s military will take action against them if they touch him or his men. While in England, Pinochet was arrested on a warrant from Spain for murder during his dictatorship; however, due to his age and alleged mental incapacity, he was released again in March 2000. Today, he remains in his mansion and getting treatment for insanity, will Chilean and Human Rights forgive what he has done? Pinochet case needs to be harshly reevaluated and put in justice to set it as model which its simil
ar history never repeats.

Body Outline(Need to add more body)
1. Pinochet avoided paying for his crimes, murder, disappearance, and torture, in his post-presidency.
a. Pinochet Assigned himself a Commander in Chief of the Army
b. Threatened to the government that if he or his men were to be touched, then his men will take action against them.
c. Pinochet kept his permanent immunity from prosecution by having position in Senator for life.
2. Pinochet was arrested in London for over a year on a warrant from Spain on his murdering under his rule; many decisions were made by House of Lords, but eventually Pinochet was released due to his health issue.
a. Pinochet was bailed at London?s high Court
b. Pinochet?s immunity issues in trial
c. Conflict in making process of extradition Pinochet to Spain, tortured many Spanish during his power, to stand trial for torture and human rights charges.
d. Guzman ordered psychiatric and doctor to decide whether Pinochet is unfit for extradition or further trial. Pinochet was released to Chile in early 2000.
3. Pinochet case influenced many spots
a. Chilean?s view on justice and laws
b. Human Rights activists
c. Chilean military officers
d. International.


Could you focus writing paper related to Pinochet?s case.

I know you would not be violate plagiarism but I want to make sure again, because this is very important criteria. and could you make sure i get this paper on the date i have set?
Thank you
Sincerely Lee

-My term paper topic is
Give my own definition of civil society and explain how it differs from the
1) state (or government) 2)political society (or political parties) and 3)
economic society (or business firms) Next, explain why civil society as I
defined it is important.

The professor emphasized on the structure focus, and originality in the
essay and relevant examples to logically support my ideas.
Moreover, the most important part of the essay is to explain why civil
society as I defined it is important. The structure has to be put at best
to
logically give the best answer possible to the topic.
_______________________
Added on via email from customer:
Hello, My name is Sunhyung
Order ID: 33013
Order Number: 0419042

I would like to give you more specific description for the essay:

(Essay Qusetion)
What is civil society? Present your own definition of civil society and
explain how it differs from
1)state 2)political society, and 3)economic society. Next, explain why
civil society as you have defined it is important.

(Structure) PLEASE FOLLOW THIS STRUCTURE-

1) Nature / Componets of the Civil Society (to give background to my
definition)
-what is the nature of civil society?
-include, how civil society differs from society
-the componets of civil society as I will define
these are, trade union, churches, the media, and certain interst groups
(mostly voluntary)
-emphasize the importance of free media as the component of Civil society.
The characteristics of the media that we can hear different opinion from
all classes who has different goals.

2) My definition of civil society
Make a defintion of civil society-descriptive! anayalitical!
The definition should not consider CS as a idealistic thing, however, a
defnition we can use
to analyze civil society generally with all other Civil society in
different culture/regimes.

Example) This papragraph should look something like this-
(Alagappa 2004)
Civil soceity is a distinct public sphere; as a realm for nonstate
organization; and as a means to influence the structure and ules of the
political game. In the first perspective, civil society is a distince
sphere of rights, political discouse, cirtical reflection, construction of
normative ideals, and self-goverance. In the second perspective, civil
society reders to the voluntary and nonvoluntary organizations that
populate the realm located at the interstice among the state, political
society, the market, and the society at large and take collective action in
the pursuit of public interest. In the third the focus is on the
instrumental role of civil society organizations in constructing,
protecting, and explanding the public shpere, limiting state power, making
demands on the state, affecting the political system, and restructing the
realtions among actors in the different realms.
It is crucial to note here that civil society is not a monolithic force but
a diverse groups of actors whose interest may span a wider spectrum. Though
they maybe distinguised for analytical purposes, the three perspectives are
interrelated. And, moreover, the definition advanced here is necessarily a
broad one menat to capture the multiple and features of civil society.

(the foucus on my essay is the 'components of civil society as a
definition.'
I want to define the key 'components' of civil society to analyticially
contrast will other spheres clearly, and it should also consist of the
characteris of the civil society
autonomy /pluralism
has the ability to do political activity in the public sphere.
independent of the market as well as the state.)

(This is the defintion of my professor-
Civil society is a set of self-organized groups and movements in society
that are relatively autonomous from the state, basic units of production
and reproduction and political society, and are capable of political
activity in public sphere to express their concerns and advance their
interest, according to the principles of pluralism(this is an essential
compoenet of civil society) and self governance.



3) How civil society differs from State
-Policy making.
-Componets/organizations are different
-State represents the majority vocie/ civil society represent all citizens
voice
-Revenue
As for the state, it has tax revenues, and the market which acumulates
welath through capital accumulation.
However, Civil society can meet only a portion of its fiancial requirements
from service fees, subscriptions and donation.

4)How civil society differs from the political society

Political society-The primary actors in this realm seek to mobolize public
support and to constitue winning coalition in the formal competition and
management of state power through election and the constitution of
legislatures.
Civil society-It does not organize themselves on a partisan basis to
aggregate interests and formally compete for state office.

Example) The Federation of Korean Trade Unions, after the 17th general
elections became, a political party, the 'Democratic Labor Party'
Explain the role of 'The Federation of Korean Trade Unions' differes from
the 'Democratic Labor Party' In the froms of how they affect the policy,
and their ultimate goals. (I mentioned the goal of the political society
just above)

Also, explain that this differenitate between the political society and the
civil society is one of the most useful indicator to measure the existence
of the Civil Society even in the most authoritarian and totalitarian states
in a defensive or underground form.

5)How Civil Society differs from Economic Society

Economic Society left it to itself, exacerbates inequalities, undermines
solidarity and generates a structure of power relations that is all the
less accountable for existing in the private, rather than the public
sphere. So it is norm to define civil society as an autonomous/independent
sphere of the market.

6) Why is civil society important.
-Describe the specific 'componets' of civil society. Describe the specific
components of 'democracy' and how civil society cooresponds to the
development of democracy.
(You have to be very careful, because this is not always the case. So, I
must be very specific about the components of civil society.)
-Civil society takes an imporatant role is a immediate sphere betweem the
family (meaning individuals) and state
-Civil society gives voice to the minority, and the equality aspect that
can be neglected by the virtue of the state, political society, and market.


7) Conclusion.
Finisih the essay to make this memmorable, and interesting.
I have to make the reader believe, judge that my definition is right.
It should sum up the essay.

The essay will be on the below:

1) In the "Declaration of Independence," jefferson en=visioned a government that allowed its citizens to exercise their rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Has Jefferson's revolutionary vision been achieved in America?

I agree it has been achieved (defend position)

Start with thesis & support your points by own experiences & reading.
500-750 words
2

(1 inch from top left of first page)
Tony Gil
English 123
Mr. Ballard
19 July 2004 The Declaration of Independence


any questions call 909 809-7364

Focus on the management of expatriate employees in China.

1. Diversity

2. Culture

3. labor management relationship

4. legal issues

5. federal workplace laws to American citizens employed abroad by American companies.

WE WILL OFFER A LOT MORE FOR THIS ONE!!

This is a Prior Learning Contract, Personal Narrative Essay.
I wrote the essay using the syllaus for the outline. The format does not flow at all!
My instructor/Mentor is calling for a re-write of the essay with all of my relative experience stated in the essay.

This essay needs custom editing of content. It is too extensive to use the editing service and more research or documentation on the subject should be added into the work.

Here are the recomendations from my mentor:

Please re-write! Less definitons but keep all of your relative experience. Write more on: The purpose of museum operation; techniques of museum operation; activities of museum operations. Any Museum METHODS! Then under each heading, list the points you need to make about that topic: gather everything you want to say about the purpose of museums into one place and state the principle behind the practice, then illustrate with examples from your experience and/or reading. Once you?ve discussed museum purposes, you can list what you need to say about museum operation, and so on. For instance, if one purpose of a museum is to keep history alive through the preservation and display of artifacts, then a technique for doing this is to present educational programs focused on those artifacts. Under your third heading, activities, you would then list the museum?s educational activities, etc.

MY ESSAY IN CURRENT UNEDITED FORM:

INT. 010 - MUSEUM METHODS Based on a Course offered at Sierra Collegge.
(sierracollege.edu) Part 1 and 2
4 semester credits, and 2 semester credit
(6 credits total)

12 August 2004
So many different definitions exist for museums. Most definitions clued the permanent preservation, and subsequent exhibit of significant cultural, educational, scientific and artistic objects. This definition is incredible vague, when the definition of art is so loosely translated in our culture. Conservation and collection is usually a requirement in defining the measure of a museum. Many definitions include institutions that provide buildings for the purpose of housing temporary exhibits as museums, even if the institution does not own the objects for public viewing. A museum is usually a non-profit organization with intent to provide education and enlightenment by the organized collection, preservation, interpretation and exhibit of items deemed to be of interest to the public or community.
The International Council of Museums places many standards on the organizational structure, responsibilities, classification and research that form the science of museology. Museography encompasses the techniques that are used in the operation and practice of museum science. A controversy exists between museum professionals on the classifications of museum types. Without the blurred boundaries on educational exhibits many zoos, arboretums, scientific laboratories, nature centers, visitor centers, historical places and planetariums. Historically, museums have formed as collaborative projects to house the collected works gathered for the appreciation of the current and future generations in our society.
In our modern world, many different persons with individual collections of personal interest have established an institution referred to as a museum. These museums are compilations of thematic objects that are offered by individuals seeking approval and admiration from the public for the displayed works. With an endless array of thematic museums in almost every city, collections representing most hobbies and topics have placed the term museum on private institutions involving object accumulation and presentation. I question the use of the term museum as applied to a private doll collection being referred to as a doll museum. Having traveled through South Dakota this past summer, I witnessed the designation of the Cornhusk Temple and Museum on the tourist maps. Although many cornhusk artisans enjoy the use of vegetable remains in their leisurely pursuit, I fail to see the connection between a hobby and an appropriate use of the term ?museum.? I lean toward a less liberal belief that museums require a more traditional approach to continue to serve society with higher standards and dignity.
I have studied the basic terminology relating to museology. Art objects and museum objects, both place different values on physical works of interest. An art object is of aesthetic interest to the public. Most works of art can be attributed as works created by a person with intrinsic value. Artifacts usually convey a cultural significance related to human cultural growth. Collections may include individual items or items acquired through accession.

Having read many different definitions in museology, I have formulated an understanding of the basic terminology based on my conservative opinion of museums and museum science. In my personal opinion, exhibits can be defined as planned presentations with the intent to display organized collected works for public viewing. The application of this term should be reserved to describe educational, culturally significant and scientific works. The American Association of Museums, (AAM) defines a museum as:
"An organized and permanent nonprofit institution, essentially educational or aesthetic in purpose, with professional staff, that owns or uses tangible objects, cares for them and exhibits them to the public on some regular schedule."
Although I agree with the basic structure of this definition, I would prefer more emphasis on the level of required professional standards necessary to designate an institution as a museum. Many non-profit institutions are established to enrich our society including, schools, libraries and community social and cultural organizations. Many of these institutions are essential in the preservation and education of our citizens. The term museum should not be generally applied to these entities simply because they offer public enrichment under a non-profit designation. Museums should also be very clear in determining the scope of the institution. Clarity and selectivity in the scope of a museum could be the determining factor in the longevity of a museum. Attracting individuals with comparable interests to explore a museum is challenging enough, removing the common interest or deviating from a specific topic displays a lack of focus to the public. Scope should be determined by the board of trustees to ensure compatibility with a mission statement. Retaining scope throughout the years of operation is imperative to the success of a museum. Looking beyond the challenge of what should be collected and preserved and what is not appropriate for collection, museums must strive to deliberately maintain a focused scope when considering loans, passive and active exhibits and collections.
I maintain a supportive affiliation with the American Association of Museums as an Associate Member. (Evidence file, Item 1)* I am also a contributing member of the Florida Museum of Natural History. (Evidence File, Item 2)*
I have maintained a membership with the Historical Preservation Society of San Juan Capistrano, California and the Mission San Juan Capistrano. (Evidence File, Item 3)* I am an active member with the Museum of Natural History, at Crane Point Hammock, Marathon, Florida. (Evidence File, Item 4)* Many other museums, scientific foundations and education facilities have my attention and support. I am listing these specific museums and foundations because I believe that they have defined missions that correlate with my philosophy in museology. I also believe that these institutions embody the true meaning of the term ?museum? as set forth by the American Association of Museums.
The American Association of Museums works diligently to create uniformity within the field of museum science on both the national and international levels. The association seeks to define relative terms and structure to a discipline with a vast array of potential institutions seeking accreditation and recognition. The subject of museum standardization, licensure and accreditation is a hot topic in museology. The standardization is intended to encourage professionalism and accurate representation. I believe that standards would establish a sense of uniformity in an industry with a vast range of inconsistent organizations. The extraordinary variety in institutions claiming to be museums would likely prohibit standardization, since many exhibitory businesses would be disrupted or lost in the process of structuring a required professional uniformity within the museum field. Another possibility in standardization is individual accreditation of museum staff members, requiring true professional to adhere to specific standards in museology. Goal-oriented to provide completeness, education and truth in service to community at large, museum professionals tend to be very diligent in maintaining standards for the sake of preserving museum integrity, honesty and accuracy. Museum professionals are not in the business of museum science for the high pay scale, working in a museum takes extraordinary dedication to a passionate cause. Museum professionalism is very similar to the teaching profession. The professional intentions are rarely questioned because the individual must have a greater purpose than income in the selection of the occupation. I have been a teacher for more than a decade, and I volunteer many of my leisure hours to museums. I understand the concepts of working with a defined purpose and have experienced many museum professionals who hold the same work ethics, diligence and integrity.
The Florida Museum of Natural history in Gainesville is affiliated with the university in Gainesville. The study and research conducted by the museum extends through the state, governing any anthropological finds and any significant fossilized remains from vertebrate species found within the state. The institution has legislative support in the preservation of these items of relative interest to the public. The museum maintains the highest level of standards in providing educational exhibits and continues to expand on the displayed works with a concise mission. Academic research is paramount to the institutions plan and it therefore draws exceptional research candidates to support the museums interests.
Historical Preservation Society of San Juan Capistrano, and the affiliated Mission San Juan Capistrano offer a site of historical preservation that is worthy of the term museum. The restoration reflects genuine effort in preserving the cultural, anthropological and historical resources of the mission. The site offers educational displays and scientific explorations for the public. Educational seminars and training is offered to the community on a regular basis. Research is conducted on the museum grounds and throughout the region by the supportive collaboration between the museum and other historical missions in California.
The Museum of Natural History, at Crane Point Hammock in Marathon is a small museum that has developed a large community following. The museum is a historical site with more than one institution, combined with common missions, goals and functions. The museum offers a nature center and hiking trails, a historical residence and heritage center and a specific museum of natural history preservation. The missions of each ?museum? in the collective in the Crane Point Hammock, is defined and have a common thread of interest. The ability to house collections in a time when funding prohibits many museums to remain staffed is a challenge for most museums. This collaborative effort combined the staffing needs with different focused missions and created a working environment supportive of modern funding restrictions in small museum management without compromising the structure.
The function and purpose of a museum is part of the controversy in the definition and designation of an actual museum. I am including a copy of the stated function and purpose of the State of Florida?s, Museum of Natural History in this portfolio. This was obtained through my research of the function and purpose of museums. (Evidence File, Item 5)* The varied goals of museums is a hot topic in museum science and museography. Museums have a duty to the public to classify and catalogue materials in a manner that is consistent with industry standards. Every museum should have a defined mission statement that focuses the combined efforts of all museums professionals within the institution to achieve a cooperative goal. Successful museums utilized the staff members and resources to fulfill the mission defined by the institution.
I have read many works that attempt to define appropriate divisions in a large museum setting. Understanding the financial crisis that most museums face in our modern society is necessary in the structure of staffing hierarchy. Noting the economic constraints that many museums face, the work of volunteers is a driving factor in maintaining many museums today. Many larger museums have a strict organizational structure, governed by a board of trustees and a chief administrative officer or director. Traditionally, a director has been an administrative official in charge of operations. Many museums view the duties of a director quite differently today, with a prerequisite for employment including the ability to raise funds and attract philanthropists. Curator is the usual title that is given to the person in charge of a museum collection, or in the highest position of management in a specific collection department. A large museum may retain the services of many curators in many different departments, or simple refer to department manager, as the head of a division. Smaller museums often use general department personnel to fill many positions. The tasks allocated to an employee in a small facility are often multidisciplinary. Security and maintenance personnel are imperative to the smooth operations in most museums. Security is a key factor in museum science and the needs are often met by in-house personnel and sub-contracted services respectively. Bookkeeping and accountancy staff members are frequently retained in a standard workforce in many museums. Volunteers often staff membership centers and sales desks, they also are commonly found as docents serving in an educational capacity. Staffing in a museum setting is as diverse as museum collections, varying on the budgets and collections needs for security. In smaller museums, the key departmental employees may function as multitasking employees in coordination with additional duties the ticket office, gift store, tour department as a docent, maintenance, exhibits design or other general administrative tasks.
The presentation of an exhibit of anthropological and cultural significance, and a natural history exhibit have an overlapping relationship that is often compatible in a single museum setting. Noting the differences between natural history and anthropology is important in museum science. Natural history could be defined the systematic and organized account of natural phenomena. Anthropology is division of social science that focuses on the study of human beings, including the evolution and social relationships of humans. Human evolution is a natural phenomenon and therefore the subjects overlap in a distinguishable area of interrelated content. Fossilized hominid remains would be appropriately displayed in either a museum of natural history or a museum of anthropology. The interpretation of archaeological artifacts and the prehistoric botanical evidence that links the early man with biology and nature are related subjects that could easily share an exhibit hall. If a display depicting the cornhusk temple were displayed in the same hall as a tribute to use of plants in architecture, the focus would be lost.
Art museums display works that are aesthetically pleasing and generally appreciated. The definition of art is highly debated and even when it is agreed upon, art is still interpreted by uniquely by each person. Critically acclaimed work as judged by one expert might be labeled appalling through a second professional opinion. Nearly every person polled sums up the arts differently. Art encompasses material arts and performing arts. Many museology professionals would agree that an art museum should house the most elite artistic works from the era of focus, including modern and ancient civilizations. The following is a partial list of art forms obtained from the electronic resources at Hyperdictionary.com:
Artificial flower arrangements, aviation depiction and performance, carving, ceramics, commercial art, creative activity, cyberart, dance, decals, decoupage, decoupage, diptych, drafting, draftsmanship, drawing, enology, falconry, gems, genre art, glyptography, graphic art, grotesque/macabre art, homiletics, horology, illustration, kitsch, minstrelsy, mosaic, music, musicianship, oenology, origami, painting, perfumery, plastic art, printmaking, publication, puppetry, sculpture, taxidermy, topiary, treasure, triptych, ventriloquism, ventriloquy, visual communication.
This list is offered to convey the wide span of artistic interpretation in our modern culture. I have never been a fan of the collections displayed by museums with modern ?art form? themes. The Smithsonian is highly regarded, as a museum but the collections of modern useful items does not hold my interest. Exhibits dedicated to the presentation of nostalgic Americana and retrospective cultural anthropology is considered a valid museum collection in the public opinion. I find it similar to walking through a shopping mall, devoid of any true cultural enrichment. That is simple opinion not a statement based in fact. Many small museums do not house elite works of art and present collections in specialized subjects that appeal to the founding collector.
Most museums that are in operation today within the United States of America are privately funded. Funding is a precarious topic, as many institutions are in competition for the limited number of grants available each year. Many corporations have been suffering in recent years with the economic recession and have cutback the tax-benefiting sizable donations to non-profit organizations. One of the key roles of a curator today may include fundraising and networking for the purpose of funds and affiliations. In many countries outside of the United States, governments fund and oversee operations in museums. This also ensures censorship of exhibits, representation of ideas and the presentation of approved information. Politics has entered into the science of museology, as public relations and international relations collide in an arena of public presentation and display. On November 18, 2003, the Head of the General Palestinian delegation to Australia accused the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, Australia of censorship. The issue that was under verbal attack was the lack of political and controversial materials presented in an exhibit entitled ?The Treasures of Palestine.? Although it sounds safe to limit controversial materials and provide artistic and cultural artifacts in an exhibit that is publicized as treasures from one culture, the criticism was broadcast worldwide. Ali Kazak voiced his concerns through the media, in an interview with The World Today:
?Controversial photographs and political documentaries have been removed. Photographs showing Israeli soldiers arresting youths, beating youths, pointing their guns at civilians and children and blowing up of Palestinian houses. How on earth can you separate politics from the Palestinian situation??
The museums director was very cautious in his statements defending the exhibit and some employees of the museum voiced an opinion of concern for the censored materials.
This was an unusual example of the challenges that a museum might face in the acquisition and presentation of exhibit. In an attempt to provide a display that raised awareness for the beauty offered by a cultural, the museum faced outrage for the lack of controversial materials on display.
Traditionally the role of museums in society was a place for gathering, to explore the finer rarities, antiquities and academic enlightenments in a social setting. Many modern museums have morphed this role and skewed the perspective of the traditional social setting. Museums are contemporary institutions in public service, and therefore must provide exhibits worthy of public display. The definition of worthy exhibits is always up to the individual organization to interpret. Some museums use this opportunity to exhibit shocking and offensive materials. The exhibition may cause a temporary increase in public viewing and press opportunity to an institution but negative publicity can have an equally negative effect on the longevity of any nonprofit organization. Since museums are not above the law and must abide by the same rules of society, museum staff members and directors must be familiar with advocacy, litigation, immunity doctrines, liability law and laws pertaining to personal property. When seeking an agreement in the acquisition of artifacts or in acquisition contracts, the Board of Directors should use legal representation to oversee the legal matters. Contracts can create difficult situations unless both parties involved have detailed contracts that firmly limit the respective responsibilities in an implied or apparent contract, especially in regard to accessioning and deaccessioning. Museums also have a responsibility to the public that it serves, a fiduciary responsibility, and a strict code of ethics must be adhered to when representing materials as a institution of public interest. Museums must create a setting that is accessible for all persons interesting in viewing the presented materials, including the mobility impaired and uniquely challenged. Handicapped laws are enforced throughout the United States of America and efforts must be made to create a safe and accommodating environment for all persons. Museums must provide an environment free of hazards to the viewing public, keeping exhibits safe for children and frail visitors.

Some of the main responsibilities expected of the Board of Trustees or Board of Directors is fundraising, definition of the institutions scope, executive decisions for the direction of the organization and the hiring of the director of the museum. Since the expectations, duties and responsibilities for the governing body of any organization is extensive, I have offered a brief overview of the most important actions of a board member. Meetings for a member vary with each institution but many museum boards gather once a month. Documentation of actions taken at each meeting must be detailed. The minutes of many organizations are offered in reports that are available for public access. Museum science includes the sub discipline of exhibition creation, which includes creating new exhibits, maintaining and restoring currently displayed specimens. Some specimens may be held in a collection for research and considered unworthy of display without extensive restoration. Specimen preparation differs with different types of specimens. Many require an monitoring and controlling the humidity variance controlling devices within the museum environment and in storage facilities. Biological preservation varies with specimens as well. Reliable entomologists should be consulted when a new specimen is brought in for display to detect and prevent infestations. The condition of many items could be at risk with parasitical threats to existing works or specimens at the museum. An intended biological specimen might be from a country with a parasitical challenge that may require individual fumigation intervention or a more proficient taxidermists assistance. Psocids are of great concern to museum professionals, commonly referred to as ?book lice,? they thrive in humid environments and can reek havoc on collections unsuspectingly. Mould is also another stealth predator in museum collections that can be dealt with using temperature variants and humidity controls. Questions of the safety of newly acquired specimens should be ascertained prior to acceptance of a specimen, even into archives. Design of exhibits, techniques and restoration, budgeting and grant writing for new additions, relating to the exhibition of archival and nonarchival museum specimens are all part of the science of Museology. I am submitting several paragraphs on the restoration of invertebrate fossils that I recently wrote. This is presented to confirm some of my knowledge in the area of restoration of specimens for exhibit. (Evidence File,
Item # )*

Computer literacy in museum evolution has propelled the advancement of record keeping, donor relations, public relations and museum membership. There are many different kinds of museum record keeping systems. In the fundamentals of preservation, information, records, duplication and storage are all key factors. All photographic materials should be included as part of the supporting documentation that accompanies acquisitions. Photographic evidence is required for most insurance policies and duplication of the information should be housed off site to ensure that a destructive incident would not destroy the supporting documentation. Slides, negatives and prints should be placed in museum labeled sleeves made for with archival usage. Materials that are accepted for curation must be fully documented, with all pertaining information disclosed in a contract and a thorough description of each item attached. If any restrictions accompany collections, due to grants or contracts, additional documentation is usually required. Field notes, accurate descriptions, specific size information, acquisition records, correspondences, ownership records, etc., must be consistently recorded and labeled with legibility in mind. Concise and clear-labeled artifacts that are presented in a well-organized mode can really translate into a dynamic exhibit. Use of traditional numbering systems, including a Smithsonian site number, a project name, illustration/map/drawing subject, and date should be consistent in record keeping. I use a specific data recording system for every fossil that I unearth, restore/prepare and categorize. Each specimen must be uniformly measured, described, dated, and assigned a reference number. The specimens location, including county and site information is attached, along with a photograph. I am attaching a copy of one of my paleontology data cards as supporting evidence of my ability to use a consistent record system. (Evidence File, Item # )***
Many damaging effects pose a concern in museum science. Some objects are at risk when exposed to daily ultra violet radiation, through artificial indoor lighting and natural sunlight. Relative humidity is also a concern for the long-term preservation of fragile collections. When displaying a collection in a temporary exhibit, the contract should include lighting, temperature, and humidity limitations for objects that are fragile. According to Harold F. Maitland, author of Preserving Textiles: A Guide for the Nonspecialist, properly storing a clean textile item, and appropriate display requires specific lighting, climate control, and other controlled environmental factors. Every preserved artifact in a museum may have some special requirement, if not many, to maintain its displayable longevity.
A museum holds a responsibility in the event of loss or damage to an item in a temporary exhibit. Contracts should detail the worth of each item in a collection, the responsibility and required insurance prior to the arrival of any temporary collection. Vandalism is a challenge that concerns all professionals in the museum profession. A museum must review the potential concerns for the safety of each item frequently in order to prevent damage and loss. There are many forms of technology used in museum security for the prevention of fire damage, including the use of chemical elements like halon and carbon dioxide to extinguish flames. Halon is prohibited in new building construction due to the environmental hazards and ozone depletion. New buildings may incorporate carbon dioxide systems that fill a threatened room with a gas that halts the fuel needed to feed a fire. Passive infrared systems, (PIR) detect motion and any rapid change in room temperature from unexpected body heat. When triggered, an audible output and/or visible signal from a PIR systems can warn museum guards of a possible vandal or thief in the museum. Advances in electronic detection systems have had a positive affect on limiting the theft, vandalism and fire damage in museums.
There are many approaches in creating museum exhibits. Keeping scope and budget in mind, a director can influence the creation of new exhibits for permanent display in coordination with design specialists and department heads. A survey of space and function should be conducted prior to the design process. Examination of the potential floor plan should be reviewed. A security and conservation audit is the next logical step in exhibit creation. Revisions and formal approval by the governing body of the institution is required in most museum exhibit planning.
Signage, publicity, promotion can be paramount to the success of an exhibit. Announcements should be sent to include potential donors and museum members to the opening of a new exhibit creating the feeling of inclusion and appreciation. Lists provided by the Board of Directors, director, curators and the staff, including volunteer staff and docents should provide a base for philanthropists within the community. Corporations with a history of donating to nonprofit organizations should be targeted and represented in the guest list. Events, sneak previews and gatherings held to promote a new exhibit could function as a fundraiser for future exhibits and overall museum funding. Special activities, and museum-sponsored events should extend into the community at many levels, providing education and the expansion of understanding and appreciation. Many museums offer classes in an extension program to reach the public. Youth classes and camps are offered by many facilities as a way of both education the next generation and creating a connection with the funding population of the museums future. Training provided to the community should be carefully planned to ensure liability and security issues are not affected. Seminars can be presented to educate adult and college-level learners by the deliberate teachings of museum staff, and guest speakers. I have attended several seminars held at the Scripts Institute, Stephen Birch Aquarium in La Jolla, California, as an adult learner and a contributor. My experience with the guest lecturing process was very positive.
The complexity of museums requires the ideal building structure to house a collection. Planning is a key factor in the building process to effective use space and storage. Safety zones and evacuation plans must meet local, state and federal standards and accessibility for all persons must be incorporated. Organizational diagramming should be calculated by an architectural professional in coordination with the governing board of the intended museum, unless the building is a historical building for restoration as part of the museums exhibit. Historical buildings present many challenges for the conversion to an appropriately climate controlled environment suitable for many museum collections. While the challenges and logistics are present, the preservation of a historical building and land may prove to be more significant than any treasure that is housed in the building. Older architecture often requires additional structural support to provide a safe environment for visitors. It is often necessary to use restorative methods to enhance security measures, adjusting for the more primitive setting of an older building. Historic preservation of historic places is similar to the preservation work of many museum collections. Many museums and institutions work with the constraints of a historical building for the preservation of the regional history, and the added financial breaks that accompany the restoration of a historical building or monument and the listing of the institution in the National Registry of Historic places. Acknowledging architecture as history is important in our endeavors to preserve our societies rich past. Many museums that are set in historical building utilized the setting to teach living history and interpretation of historical events. This form of interactional display provides engaging events for active public participation.

----------

Works Cited
Ames, Kenneth L., Barbara Franco, and L. Thomas Frye.
Ideas and Images: Developing Interpretive History Exhibits. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 1997

G. Ellis Burcaw
Professor Emeritus of Anthropology
University of Idaho Syllabus, Anth C-32

Burcaw, Ellis G.
Introduction to Museum Work, 3rd ed., AltaMira Press division of Rowman & Littlefield; Blue Ridge Summit, PA

Centre de conservation du, the Canadian Conservation Institute, and the Universit? du Qu?bec ? Montr?al
Preventive Conservation in Museums Handbook-Video Handbook, Quebec, 1997

Listen, David, International Committee on Museum Security
Museum Security and Protection: Handbook for Cultural Heritage Institutions
Routledge Publishing, New York, 1993

Maitland, Harold F., Dorothy Stites Alig,
Preserving Textiles: A Guide for the Nonspecialist, Indianapolis Museum of Art,1999
ISBN:0936260718

Electronic Resources Cited

American Association of Museums (AAM)

29 August 2004

International Council of Museums'
< http://icom.museum/vlmp>
23 August 2004

Sierra College Museum Education

10 August 2004

Hyper Dictionary, Art Terms

13 August 2004

The World Today (Tuesday, 18 November , 2003 12:35:49)
?Powerhouse Museum accused of censorship? Reported by: Jo Mazzocchi
http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2003/s991934.htm
21 August 2004





Electronic Resources used in Museology Research

The Museum Security Network
Newly acquired temporary exhibits, security issues and breaches in
security for museums are listed on the Museums Security website.<
http://www.museum-security.org/2001.html>
This site lists cultural property incidents in a network forum to
apprise other museums of activity.
29 July 2004

Will upload sources as I get them today. This may take a little time but all should be uploaded by 10 pm Monday the 24th.
ASA Style mostly. Citings within work need to be as follows: (author last name year:page #)
Double Spaced, Times New Roman, 12 pt font, 1" margins
15 page literature review of issue. Lit review should explain issue in depth and will be informed by research questions from introduction portion (See below Introduction). Lit review should cover
1. History of Issue
2. Causes that have informed the issue
3. Basic Facts of Issue (prevalence, frequency, demographic variations, definition of key terms, etc)
Should be well rounded research that provides depth
Cite at least 15 sources. Do not summarize references. Identify themes such as history etc in literature and organize within these themes. Themes should fall under subheadings such as history etc in lit review.
Writing style should be formal, presenting clear ideas in a cohesive and organized fashion.
Attach reference page using ASA format
Lit review should build off of Introduction page (see below)

Introduction Portion to build from:

Homelessness Among the Veteran Community: America?s Ignored Heroes
Each year, thousands of citizens wind up homeless and living on the streets in America, as well as all over the world. The issue of homelessness in the US has become widespread especially within the last few decades. Homelessness does not discriminate among people. An unexpected event or poor decision can leave a person homeless with very little warning. Some people that become homeless lose so much more than just a home. They lose connections to family and the outside world. They lose physical things that connect them to their past. They lose a sense of belonging in some cases. In many cases they may even lose their identity. Many of those within the homeless community were once heroes who for Americas? freedom throughout wars, both past and present. They are the homeless veterans, often passed by, overlooked, and simply ignored by the normal everyday population that encounters them on the street. This paper will analyze reasons for homelessness among veterans and examine the issues, difficulties, and stigmas that homeless veterans face in finding and being placed in housing programs.
This paper will seek to obtain answers to several questions during the course of research. What qualifies a person as a homeless veteran? What is the history of homelessness among veterans? What circumstances have made a large portion of the veteran community homeless? Are more programs available to the veteran homeless community than the regular homeless community? Is the veteran homeless community stigmatized more than the regular homeless population? What are obstacles faced by female homeless veterans versus male homeless veterans? Are older homeless veterans stigmatized more than younger homeless veterans? What programs are in place to help homeless veterans find permanent or temporary housing and how can veteran homelessness be prevented? Are there certain risk factors that can be identified to prevent veterans from becoming homeless as a solution?

Framing is a very important concept in political communication. Both the media and political organizations use frames to persuade citizens to view a political topic in a certain way. An example of differing frames would be calling the rich the ?1%? and also ?job creators.?

Compare and contrast specific frames of a political topic. The topic should have a least 2 frames but could have more. A key aspect of your analysis is relating your topic back to political communication and explaining its impact. If you think your topic is about political communication but is not obvious, then you should explain in the paper how it is relevant.


You should have at least 5 sources and include a bibliography on a separate page in APA 6th edition style.

AUSTRALIAN PROPERTY AND TRUST LAW
Part A: (65% of word count)
You are the solicitor for the Goldstone City Council (a fictional local authority in Queensland, Australia). You head the property law division of Council, under the direction of the Head Legal Counsel. Your Head Legal Counsel has asked you to provide a written response to her in respect of the following matter:
In 2014, a wealthy local citizen, Mr. Robert Kennedy, died. Clause 5 of his Will provides:-
?I GIVE AND BEQUEATH the sum of FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS ($500,000.00) to my trustee, the said James Stewart, to establish a fund for the intercultural education of my grandchildren within the Asia-Pacific region AND I DECLARE that the fund so created shall be utilised towards the costs of travel and accommodation within that region and the costs of the educational process, which process shall include the learning of languages of the said region AND I FURTHER DECLARE that the suitability of such expenditure shall be determined by my said Trustee.?
Clause 6 of the Will is a residuary clause that provides that if the bequest in Clause 5 should fail, then it shall be paid to the Goldstone City Council. Robert had one son, Dean who was 60 years old when Robert died and still survives. Dean has no children. You have been asked to advise your Head Legal Counsel how the Council might obtain the funds in clause 5 of the Will, now or in the future. In responding, you must clearly refer to, and apply, Australian statutory provisions supporting your opinion.

Part B: (35% of word count)

You are a solicitor in legal practise in Queensland, Australia. Mary has come to see your supervising partner, rather distraught, seeking advice. Her son, Alex is in year 10. He recently found a usb stick at his school, Goldstone State High School. It was a school issued usb stick to students once they start year 11. The usb stick does not have any external marks distinguishing it from another usb stick. Alex accessed the data on the usb stick and it contained a file that, when opened, allowed Alex to essentially ?hack? the online computer game, Skyrim, which he did at school. The firm?s legal file notes that Alex has apparently been very naughty and used the hack to create online quest items. He has then sold those quest items to his friends and third parties. He has used the money to buy himself new clothes and a new bike, the remaining money is held is his personal bank account. These purchases alerted his mother to his activities. The following parties have now come forward claiming all of the money that Alex obtained from using the hack:
? the Skyrim game developers;
? the Principal (on behalf of Goldstone State High School) because the activities occurred using a school computer, on school time and using a school usb; and
? Katie, a student who says she owns the usb stick.

To make matters worse, all the people that Alex sold quest items to now have also sought their money back, as they believe their items are tainted and may be removed by the game developers.

Advise Mary. Refer to any Australian or English cases, legislation or journal articles which are relevant to your answer. Please note that your supervising partner will deal with any issue NOT related to property law

Research the corporation on its own Website, the public filings on the Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR database (http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml), in the University's online databases, and any other sources you can find. The annual report will often provide insights that can help address some of these questions.
Write an eight to ten (8-10) page paper in which you:
1. Determine the impact of the company?s mission, vision, and primary stakeholders on its overall success.
2. Analyze the five (5) forces of competition to determine how they impact the company.
3. Create a SWOT analysis for the company to determine its major strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
4. Based on the SWOT analysis, outline a strategy for the company to capitalize on its strengths and opportunities, and minimize its weaknesses and threats.
5. Discuss the various levels and types of strategies the firm may use to maximize its competitiveness and profitability.
6. Outline a communications plan the company could use to make the strategies you recommend above known to all stakeholders.
7. Select two (2) corporate governance mechanisms used by this corporation and evaluate how effective they are at controlling managerial actions.
8. Evaluate the effectiveness of leadership within this corporation and make at least one (1) recommendation for improvement.
9. Assess efforts by this corporation to be a responsible (ethical) corporate citizen and determine the impact these efforts (or lack thereof) have on the company?s bottom line. Provide specific examples to support your response.
10. Use at least five (5) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not quality as academic resources.

After reading these items please answer the following questions:

1- Describe broadly how a place changes when deindustrialization occurs?

2- Thinking about Detroit specifically, how has deindustrialization changed the economy and impacted the citizens of Detroit. Look about the internet for news stories, think pieces, statistics, or policy papers that provide insight into Detroit's unique experience with deindustrialization.

Basically it needs to go over for Americas need for prison reform. I want it based off the psychological aspect that it does little to rehabilitate the offender back into society (we as humans are not meant to live in such confine conditions, let out for a hour or so a week, mediocre health care when we could be doing preemptive measures that would help not only quality of life but save the tax payers some money) , prisons overpopulation and poor conditions, and possible solutions. An emphasis on that it does little to help only isolate a possible threat to citizens, especially those with minor convictions treated like violent offenders. What Congress and politicians say on this subject but do not make it bias. Note: Not necessary at all but Michel Foucault is a brilliant modern age philosopher that has some intriguing thoughts on this and law from his book "Power", use your own digression

Select a publicly traded corporation for which you would like to work or are currently working.

Research the corporation on its own Website, the public filings on the Securities and Exchange Commission EDGAR database (http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml), in the University's online databases, and any other sources you can find. The annual report will often provide insights that can help address some of these questions.

Write a nine (9) page paper in which you:

-Determine the impact of the company?s mission, vision, and primary stakeholders on its overall success.

-Analyze the five (5) forces of competition to determine how they impact the company.

-Create a SWOT analysis for the company to determine its major strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

-Based on the SWOT analysis, outline a strategy for the company to capitalize on its strengths and opportunities, and minimize its weaknesses and threats.

-Discuss the various levels and types of strategies the firm may use to maximize its competitiveness and profitability.

-Outline a communications plan the company could use to make the strategies you recommend above known to all stakeholders.

-Select two (2) corporate governance mechanisms used by this corporation and evaluate how effective they are at controlling managerial actions.

-Evaluate the effectiveness of leadership within this corporation and make at least one (1) recommendation for improvement.

-Assess efforts by this corporation to be a responsible (ethical) corporate citizen and determine the impact these efforts (or lack thereof) have on the company?s bottom line. Provide specific examples to support your response.

-Use at least five (5) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not quality as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Determine ways in which the vision, mission, and stakeholders of a firm impact that firm?s overall success.
Identify how the six segments of the general environment affect an industry and its firms.
Identify the five forces of competition.
Analyze the external environment for opportunities and threats that impact the firm.
Analyze the internal environment of a company for strengths and weaknesses that impact the firm?s competitiveness.
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm.
Predict ways in which corporate governance will affect strategic decisions.
Assess the relationship between strategy and organizational structure.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in business administration.
Write clearly and concisely about business administration using proper writing mechanics.

Submit a 4 page review of the relevant literature on your evaluation proposal.Please below is the evaluation proposal with the topic Public Program Evaluation: Quality Performance Measurement

Please us the below topic and the evaluation paper to write the literature Review.I have also attached some documents which will aide in completing the literature review

Public Program Evaluation: Quality Performance Measurement

Abstract
For any public administrator, the ability to reach out to stakeholders is critical in meeting key objectives. During the process, there are different strategies and approaches. We examined how to determine which one is the most effective. This is achieved by looking at what areas must be included inside any program evaluation. In the process, it was determined that any strategy must concentrate on embracing a number of larger objectives to include:
? Deciding how the information will be utilized and which programs will receive the greatest amounts of resources.
? Creating effective data collection procedures and the way the sample will be analyzed.
? Designing a program evaluation plan.
? Focusing on limitations and the impact it will have on the outcome of the project.
These areas will ensure that all public programs are taking into account the needs of stakeholders. Once this happens, it will be more responsive to the needs of stakeholders. This is when they can effectively concentrate their resources and reduce costs.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Over the decades, the role of public administration has been continually changing. This is because the public wants more accountability and are demanding various entities to show the way they are providing different services. The result is that these shifts, have lead to a revolution in public administration and management. This is because it is at a crossroads from the high levels of debt and the demands of constituents. These issues are challenging, as the administration must decide the best course of action moving forward. The problem is that there are conflicting views about how to address key issues. On one side are liberals, who believe that taxes should increase and the amount of services raised proportionately. They argue that this economic model will sustain the middle class and reduce adverse impacts on the economy. (Friedman, 1980)
However, conservatives will cite how this strategy was utilized in the past and only makes the fiscal situation of the country worse. To prevent an economic meltdown, the number of services must be reduced and the government needs to have better controls. They believe that privatization is the most logical approach. (Friedman, 1980)
Liberals will counter that this reduces quality and it consolidates key contracts with a select group of individuals. They are interested in increasing their profit margins over everything else. Both sides are correct with their concerns, as a balanced strategy needs to be utilized.
Aim and Objectives
During the process, there will be a focus on series of different aims and objectives. The most notable include:
? To identify performance measurement utilized by public agencies and organizations.
? To provide a synthesis of performance measurements.
? To analyze the most effective performance measurements utilized by organizations and agencies.
These areas will focus the research and improve the accuracy of the findings.
Research Questions
To reach these goals, there will be a focus on a series of research questions to include:
? What performance measures are utilized most frequently by public service agencies and entities?
? What are the most effective procedures inside these organizations?
? What can be used to improve accountability, transparency and integrate them into performance measurements?
These answers will help to understand key trends and decide which avenues are the most effective. Once this happens, the correct actuaries will be used to maintain objectivity throughout the process. To fully determine how these objectives are achieved requires conducting a literature review, the methodology and results. Together, these elements will illustrate the best avenues for meeting the needs of stakeholders.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
The current theories and empirical evidence are showing that it is vital to have some kind of equilibrium when selecting the right strategy. This is because moving from one extreme to the other will only make the underlying situation worse. These issues are troubling, as it will not solve the long term challenges impacting administrators. Instead, it will make them inferior, as everyone must have a certain amount of flexibility and an open mind.
History
In the past, public administration and management were often integrated together. This occurred with them focusing on giving someone a position, based upon who they knew and their connection with the party in power. For the most part, these individuals were considered to be the eyes and ears of the administration. (Lane, 2006)
However, during the 20th century, there was a shift in these practices with a separation between politics, administration and management. The basic objectives were to enhance the quality of services provided and become more responsive to the needs of the people. The problem is that these challenges became more pronounced with administrators failing to address critical issues. This is taking place with the bureaucracy becoming so large that it failed to understand how to deal with important issues. The result is that administrators and their management practices often wasted resources on different programs which were ineffective. (Lane, 2006)
In the 1990s, there was a shift with them outsourcing responsibilities to the private sector. The basic idea, is these entities could provide different services more effectively and decrease costs. This changed the role of administration and management, with these individuals focusing on monitoring the program. While at the same time, they were directing resources to different areas where they were needed the most. (Lane, 2006)
To enhance these practices, many civil servants started to emphasize the need to communicate with stakeholders more effectively. This occurred through different websites explaining what they had to offer and seeking out feedback from the public. The result is that management was enhanced and streamlined their capacity to communicate with them. This reduced the overall amounts of bureaucracy and it encouraged programs to become more responsive. (Lane, 2006)
At the same time, administrators focused on providing different services to everyone equally. This meant that they no longer ignored specific segments or communities. Instead, they ensured that all resources were managed through taking a proactive approach which considered the needs of everyone (that is minorities, immigrants and the disabled). (Lane, 2006)
As a result, public administration is having a passion for helping people. This means that those who work in these positions must believe that they can redefine the role of government and the way services are delivered. At the heart of their strategy, is managing them in a way that is responsive to everyone. This is achieved by objectively looking at what is happening inside communities and addressing these issues in a timely manner. These shifts are what the most successful administrators will utilize to determine the way resources are allocated and how they deal with various problems impacting stakeholders (Lane, 2006)
At the same time, public administration requires using the tax dollars they are allocated more efficiently. In many situations, this requires going against the traditional practices and transforming the way services are delivered. For instance, in the past civil service unions controlled the way these objectives were achieved. Anyone who stood in their way often loose their jobs by challenging the status quo from wanting to manage the delivery of services differently. However, the anger and resentment of the bureaucracy in failing to respond to the needs of the people led to a shift in the mindset practices and management techniques utilized by administrators. This is illustrating how public administration and management have become interconnected (Lane, 2006)
To understand what is most important to communities, requires listening to the views of various demographics of people and streamlining the process. The way these objectives are achieved is through Internet, giving the public a forum for sharing their ideas with decision makers. This helps them to realize where resources are needed the most and deliver them using avenues that will connect with them (Lane, 2006)
These insights are showing how public administration and management requires introducing solutions that will effectively solve problems. This is a natural evolution with citizens demanding accountability and wanting to know where their tax dollars are being utilized. These areas are connected, to individuals and how they manage and allocate different resources, with them determining if they are meeting the needs of the public (Lane, 2006)
Which Programs are Most Effective?
The different sources are showing that there are conflicting schools of thought about which approach is the most efficient. This is directly related to political ideology and the role government should play in everyone's lives. These contrasting opinions are leading to challenges in determine the model that is the most effective.
For instance, Friedman (1980) concluded that public administrators should take a limited role. This is because the free markets are regulating themselves by offering consumers with those products and services they need. If a firm is taking advantage of its cliental, their competition will see these customers moving over to them. This forces the other company to become more competitive. In the case of administrators, the bidding process is continually up for renewal and small contracts could allow providers to compete for these projects. This will ensure fairness and transparency (Friedman 1980)
During the process, administrators could outsource many of these services to third party providers. They will have a contract to deliver specific services for set costs. During the process, they can reduce prices by finding economically viable solutions for meeting these objectives. This means that the community will receive the services they demand and the city will decrease its expenses (Friedman 1980)
According to Friedman, this is essential for the success of any organization who is delivering products or services to consumers. This is because prices and their ability to provide them is what keeps everyone coming back. These demands, forces providers to adjust or face the loss of their customer base. While this is occurring, administrators will play a very limited role by having select regulations. This creates a standard for everyone to follow. Yet, it gives them the flexibility to run their business as efficiently as possible. Over the course of time, a win ? win situation develops for the benefit of the city, general public and businesses. This creates jobs and it helps to stimulate the local economy (Friedman 1980)
In this case, Friedman is using previous tried economic theories and is evaluating their effective. He concluded that free choice is the main driver which improves the quality of services. This is because the public wants them in a timely fashion. When an entity fails to do this, they will rise up against them at the voting booth (in the case of public officials) or demand a new party provider (via third party providers).
However, Hudson (2008) determined that these programs have been tried again and again. They are never successful and eventually lead to rampant abuses. A good example of this can be seen with the California Energy Crisis, during the 1990s the voters wanted to privatize the delivery of electricity and natural gas. The basic idea is that costs will decrease by giving consumers more choices in the way they receive them. The system was based upon a state regulated exchange to allow firms to trade futures contracts (Hudson 2008)
At the same time, the government cut regulations, in order to give producers greater amounts of flexibility running their organizations. It involved working off of existing laws and repealing those regulations were overly intrusive (such as: having the state determine rates). Instead, they felt that the free markets are the best arbitrator by listening to what is most important to consumers and meeting their demands (Hudson 2008)
The result is that this system has been proven to be reckless. This is because of the lack of regulations and the desire to increase profits lead to firms engaging in unethical and illegal tactics to achieve these objectives (via price gouging). They restricted the supply and manipulated the markets to charge consumers more. Regulators did not completely understand the scope of problem until there was a full blown energy crisis. This is when consumers were paying for 70% increases in their utility bills. (Hudson 2008)
The problem became worse, as they did not have the tools to effectively address these issues and had to rely on private entities. This added to the fiscal challenges, by forcing the state to bailout consumers in the form of subsidies (during a time when the state is running record deficits). Liberals will argue that greater amounts of structure are required to prevent these abuses. In most cases, providers do not take into consideration the public's best interests. Instead, they will concentrate on enhancing their bottom line results at all costs. This is the point, the system will deliver inferior services at higher costs. Liberals claim that if costs are going to be higher, the government is the best arbitrator at setting prices from having not financial interests. This forces providers to meet their higher standards via stringent regulations. (Hudson 2008)
These insights are based upon looking at real world example for public programs. In this case, there was a lack of accountability and transparency. This is because administrators overreacted when they wanted to deregulate key industries. The result is that abuses became very common and adversely impacted the quality of services the public is receiving.
Evaluation Procedures
The evaluation of these programs requires that administrators must take a different approach when evaluating their effectiveness. According to a study conducted by the General Accounting Office (that is GAO) this is critical for the success of any program with it stating, "Program evaluation is closely related to performance measurement and reporting. Performance measurement is the systematic ongoing monitoring and reporting of program accomplishments, particularly progress toward pre-established goals or standards. Performance measures or indicators may address program staffing and resources (or inputs), the type or level of program activities conducted (or process), the direct products or services delivered by a program (or outputs), or the results of those products and services (or outcomes). A program evaluation analyzes performance measures to assess the achievement of performance objectives but typically examines those achievements in the context of other aspects of program performance or in the context in which the program operates. Program evaluations may analyze relationships between program settings and services to learn how to improve program performance or to ascertain whether program activities have resulted in the desired benefits for program participants or the general public. Some evaluations attempt to isolate the causal impacts of programs from other influences on outcomes, whereas performance measurement typically does not. Evaluations have been used to supplement performance reporting by measuring results that are too difficult or expensive to assess annually or by exploring why performance goals were not met" ("Designing Evaluations," 2012). These insights are showing how effective procedures need to be in place to evaluate what is happening. This maintains objectivity and it improves accuracy.
To achieve these larger benchmarks, the recommend embracing a number of standards throughout the process. The most notable include:
? Establishing evaluation objectives, questions and the scope of the project.
? Determining how the information will be utilized and which programs will receive the greatest amounts of resources.
? Creating effective data collection procedures and the way the sample will be analyzed.
? Designing a program evaluation plan.
? Focusing on limitations and the impact it will have on the outcome of the project. ("Designing Evaluations," 2012)
These different areas are important, as they will provide a working foundation for administrators to understand the significance of the program evaluation. This means that the they will look at numerous variables from contrasting perspectives. Once this happens, is the point they can determine if it is effective over the long term.
The various sources are showing how there are conflicting views about what constitutes program effectiveness. In these situations, administrators will have different opinions surrounding the best avenues for achieving these objectives. To address these issues, a new method must be utilized that emphasizes objectivity and flexibility. These insights are showing how a process must be embraced that is looking at if the approach is working in reaching specific guidelines. This will decide if it is making a difference and how it can be utilized in the future to address the needs of stakeholders.
According to Sclar (2000), this approach has been shown to be effective at preventing abuses and taking into account the needs of stakeholders. In order to implement these proposals, requires utilizing a hybrid system. This is when the government will regulate and monitor the practices of third party providers. These businesses will deliver various services at lower costs and more efficiently. This helps the government to operate in manner that safeguards the interests of stakeholders and offers the best results (Sclar 2000)
The different sources are showing the importance of maintaining a balanced approach. This means that the delivery of various services should be privatized to a certain extent. However, governments must monitor for possible abuses and ensure they are not abusing customers. Over the course of time, this will allow the city to decrease liabilities and enhance quality. Once this happens, is the point there will be a balance between privatization and regulations.
Chapter 3: Method
Sampling and Design
The basic method is utilizing the mixed approach. This is when various sources are examined in comparison with each other to understand the underlying trends. The main idea is to provide a foundation of the problem. Then, compare the findings with each other through looking at the different conclusions from various resources. This will offer new ideas and insights to be used to understand the benefits and drawbacks of implementing environmental management systems for food and beverage departments inside London?s private member clubs.
In this case, the most obvious benefits are different ideas and findings will be examined. To understand the influence it is having on various stakeholders and the benefits for organizations. This is achieved by using comparative analysis to understand key trends and contrast them with each other.
According to Northeastern University (2010), this has the ability to change how someone sees analyzes the problem with them saying, ?The strength of qualitative research is its ability to provide complex textual descriptions of how people experience a given research issue. It provides information about the human side of an issue ? that is, the often contradictory behaviors, beliefs, opinions, emotions, and relationships of individuals." (Qualitative Research Methods 2010). These methods are also effective in identifying intangible factors, such as social norms, socioeconomic status, gender roles, ethnicity, and religion, whose role in the research issue may not be readily apparent. This helps to interpret and better understand the complex reality of a given situation and the implications of quantitative data. This provides a rich and complex understanding of specific social contexts or phenomenon. These areas take precedence over eliciting data which can be generalized to other geographic regions or populations. (Qualitative Research Methods 2010)
Data Collection
The various pieces of information were collected through a process known as direct observation. In this case, there were different studies that were examined to understand what is happening and the impact it will have on everyone. The basic idea is to look at how certain observations are impacting behavior and the influence it is having on stakeholders. (Cresswell, 2011)
The information was collected through a host of different sources. The most notable include: government documents, universities, scholarly journals, books and web sites. The primary strategy is to examine different aspects of the environmental management systems and the influence it is having on organizations. These insights can be applied to private member clubs to fully understand what is happening and how this can transform them in the future (Cresswell, 2011)
To achieve these objectives, a sample was collected through looking at a percentage of the documents available. This occurred by reviewing various pieces of information and corroborating them with each other. At the same time, there were other sources that were used to provide a background about environmental management systems and the influence they have host on a host of organizations. To build off of these ideas, we concentrated on developing the most relevant ones. In this case, there was a careful examination of different approaches, the impacts it is having and the influence on stakeholders (Cresswell, 2011)
Data Analysis
These methods were effective in identifying the impact specific practices will have on everyone. This is achieved by objectively looking at what is happening and then using the information that was uncovered to identify key trends. In spite of the potential drawbacks, we took an objective approach, to look at what was happening and how this influences the outcomes of using these systems (Cresswell, 2011)
According to McRoy (2001), this provides the ability to analyze what is happening and understand the long term trends with her saying, ?A number of advantages of qualitative methodologies for social work have been noted in the literature. Descriptive, inductive, and unobtrusive techniques for data collection are viewed as compatible with the knowledge and values of the social work profession? (McRoy, 2001)
This is similar in method to specific demographic assessments. In these situations, clinicians will rely on interviews or surveys to generate data on a client's issues in the context of the environment. They will use a series of hunches and working hypotheses that are based on observations. Qualitative researchers are trained to look at each case individually, without imposing preconceived notions or attempting to generalize to all clients having a particular problem (McRoy, 2001)
During this process, they maintain field notes and documents on their research. While the qualitative approaches, have the advantages of flexibility, in-depth analysis and the potential to observe a variety of aspects of social situations. This is when they can gain a more in-depth understanding of the subject's beliefs, attitudes and situation. During the course of a survey, they will observe changes in body movements, mood, voice intonation and environmental factors that may influence the subject?s responses. This observational data can be of particular value when they run counter to the written responses provided (McRoy, 2001)
Limitations
The limitations are showing how certain amounts of subjectivity can negatively impact the development of environmental management systems within the food and beverage departments. This occurs by assuming that a particular protocol may yield specific benefits. Yet, they fail to achieve critical objectives and make it challenging to troubleshoot key issues early on. Once this happens, is the point administrators will have challenges in understanding what is happening and the organization will be reluctant to embrace them (Cresswell, 2011)
In this case, there will be a small sample independently collected. This means that there is possibility key trends were identified. Yet, it failed to understand how other factors could have an impact on the outcome of the study. These objectives are challenging to achieve, as there are different attitudes among subjects versus the general public. This makes it difficult for us to compare and corroborate the results with each other. In this aspect, the approach that is utilized will examine different vantage points of the problem from a larger perspective. (Louis, 2008)
Chapter 4: Results
The results are showing the importance of maintaining a balanced approach. This means that the delivery of various services should be privatized to a certain extent. However, governments must monitor for possible abuses and ensure they are not abusing customers. Over the course of time, this will allow the city to decrease liabilities and enhance quality. Once this happens, is the point there will be a balance between privatization and regulations.
This is because these challenges are impacting stakeholders and their capacity to receive different services. These transformations are a part of the longer term trends, where they want to see greater amounts of accountability and the capacity to meet important objectives in the process. This is different from the practices utilized in the past, as many civil servants were appointed based upon who they knew or their ability to hide among the layers of bureaucracy. To meet these objectives, many services are now privatized and the officials want to demonstrate their capacity to effectively utilize tax dollars most effectively. At the same time, they want to demonstrate how the public can voice their concerns and have greater levels of empowerment. As a result, public administration and management have shifted and become more interconnected with each other. In the future, these transformations will be an important part, in determining how they are achieving specific objectives.
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Summary of Results
The results are showing how a balanced approach must be utilized. This is because going to either extreme will adversely impact the performance for public programs. To prevent this, a new approach must be utilized that is concentrating on utilizing different areas. The most notable include: Establishing evaluation objectives, questions and the scope of the project.
? Determining how the information will be utilized and which programs will receive the greatest amounts of resources.
? Creating effective data collection procedures and the way the sample will be analyzed.
? Designing a program evaluation plan.
? Focusing on limitations and the impact it will have on the outcome of the project.
These insights are showing how a process must be embraced that is looking at if the approach is working in reaching specific guidelines. This will decide if it is making a difference and how it can be utilized in the future to address the needs of stakeholders.
Recommendations
As a result, the most effective approach requires utilizing a hybrid system. This is when the government will regulate and monitor the practices of third party providers. These businesses will deliver various services at lower costs and more efficiently. This helps the government to operate in manner that safeguards the interests of stakeholders and offers the best results. Over the course of time, this will increase accountability and transparency. Performance management are the tools for analyzing their ability to efficiently achieve key objectives.

References
Designing Evaluations. (2012). GAO. Retrieved from: http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-208G
Qualitative Research Methods. (2010). Northeastern University. Retrieved from: http://www.ccs.neu.edu/course/is4800sp12/resources/qualmethods.pdf
Cresswell, J. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Method Research. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Friedman, M. (1980). Free to Choose. New York: Harcourt.
Hudson, W. (2008). The Libertarian Illusion. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Lane, J. (2006). Public Administration and Public Management. New York, NY: Routledge.
Louis, M. (2008). A Comparative Analysis. Ann Arbor, MI: Proquest.
McRoy, R. (2001). Qualitative Research, UNCP. Retrieved from: http://www2.uncp.edu/home/marson/qualitative_research.html
Sclar, E. (2000). Privatization. Regional Labor Review, 2 (22), 12 - 21.

Comparative Economic Systems
Answer each of the following questions fully (3-4 sentences each) regarding socialism, communism and capitalism:
Consider the common criticism of socialism on the grounds that it discourages individual initiative. What assumption about initiative underlies this criticism? Is this assumption valid? Why or why not?
How might a socialist and a capitalist government differ in its treatment of the problem of unemployment?
In your opinion, should the government have the responsibility of providing health care for every citizen? Why or why not?
Is a dictatorship necessary to the existence of a communist society? Why or why not?

Federalism and Constitutional Debates
The written assignment this week requires you to apply your critical thinking skills and evaluate the impact of federalism on selected topics.

Prepare: For this week?s assignment please review Chapters 1 through 5 in the course text and any other additional articles or videos that will help you prepare for this assignment. Conduct personal research as required to fulfill the assignment requirements.

Reflect: This assignment will require you to use your critical thinking skills to evaluate how the concept of federalism interacts with various current constitutional debates. This assignment is also the first step in the process towards completing your final research paper. The topic that you select for this assignment, either religious freedom, free speech, or privacy rights, should be the topic for your final paper as well. That way, the first main discussion point for the final research paper will be completed when you complete this assignment. Therefore, think your topic selection over carefully, choose something you are interested in, and save yourself some extra work by continuing to research the same topic for your final paper.

Select one topic from the following list of three constitutional issues:

Religious Freedom
Free Speech
Privacy Rights
For this assignment, you need to discuss one positive and one negative impact of federalism on the issue you selected. Once you have discussed those impacts, you are expected to evaluate which impact is the most significant on your issue and discuss the reasons behind that evaluation.

For example, if your topic were to be about regulation of commerce, federalism impacts regulation of commerce in a positive way by setting nationwide safety and building standards for highways, railroads, and airfields. Federalism could impact regulation of commerce in a negative way by forcing states to adhere to nationwide speed limits and safety laws that may not take into consideration local conditions and needs.

If you were going to look at equal protection under the law, one could argue that federalism has positively impacted equal protection of the law. The Fourteenth Amendment was critical in reducing racial discrimination because of landmark rulings like Brown v. Board of Education. On the other hand, federalism initially enabled states to treat their citizens differently based on the color of their skin. Supreme Court rulings such as Plessy v. Ferguson allowed the states to segregate blacks and whites as long as the states provided ?separate, but equal facilities.?

For this paper, utilize the Constitution, established case law, and scholarly sources to discuss both sides of the argument and then provide a logical argument why one impact is more significant.

Write: Your paper should be organized into the following sections and should:
Introduce the selected issue and the direction of the paper (1/2 page)
Discuss one positive impact of federalism on the selected issue. (1/2 page to 1 page)
Discuss one negative impact of federalism on the selected issue. (1/2 page to 1 page)
Evaluate which impact is the most significant and discuss why. (1 page)
Conclude and summarize the main findings of the paper. (1/2 page)
The paper must be three to four pages in length (not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. You must utilize at least three scholarly sources, one of which may be your course text. Cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

In regards to Police-Community Relations, answer the following questions. If possible, use as a source: Police Community Relations and the Administration of Justice, 8th Edition Hunter, Barker and Mayhall. Prentice Hall, N.J., 2011.

1. Understand why debates regarding the meaning of justice are relevant to students of the police.

2. Why should the police be concerned about protecting the civil rights of American citizens.

3. Explain the impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1871 on actions of police in America.

4. Describe the functions of a justice system in addition to providing "law and order".

5. Describe how the common law system of justice differs from other justice systems.

6. Provide an overview of how America's police system is structured.

7. Identify the more important federal police agencies and describe their responsibilities.

8. Describe how the police "fit" within the U.S. justice system.

9. Explain why the "Four C's" are relevant to police-community relations.