"Report on the Religious Life of Planet Earth"

Assume you are from another planet and have been sent to Earth to determine if it is a religious planet or not (something very important to your people). Your superiors are expecting a report back from you.

Write a 2?3 page (approximately 500?750 words) ?report? that addresses the following:

Discuss the criteria you will employ to determine if people on earth are religious ? in other words, what does religion look like?

Describe three (3) examples of behaviors or beliefs you observe that meet the criteria you established above.

Based on your observations, explain what the function of religion appears to be on Earth.

If you find that religion can be better discussed in terms of something other than its function, explain how else religion could be understood.
This format of the paper is to be as follows:

Typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one-inch margins on all sides (APA format).

In-text citations and a References page following APA Style, even if the only source that you are using is the textbook. Any other sources must be documented using in-text citations and included on the References page.

"Report on the Religious Life of Planet Earth"

Assume you are from another planet and have been sent to Earth to determine if it is a religious planet or not (something very important to your people). Your superiors are expecting a report back from you.

Write a 2?3 page (approximately 500?750 words) ?report? that addresses the following:

?Discuss the criteria you will employ to determine if people on earth are religious ? in other words, what does religion look like?
?Describe three (3) examples of behaviors or beliefs you observe that meet the criteria you established above.
?Based on your observations, explain what the function of religion appears to be on Earth.
?If you find that religion can be better discussed in terms of something other than its function, explain how else religion could be understood.
This format of the paper is to be as follows:

?Typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one-inch margins on all sides (APA format).
?In-text citations and a References page following APA Style, even if the only source that you are using is the textbook. Any other sources must be documented using in-text citations and included on the References page.
?In addition to the two to three (2?3) pages, a title page is to be included. The title page is to contain the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor?s name, the course title, and the date.
Note: You will be graded on the quality of your responses, the logic/organization of the report, your language skills, and your writing skills.

Report on the Religious Life of Planet Earth


Assume you are from another planet and have been sent to Earth to determine if it is a religious planet or not (something very important to your people). Your superiors are expecting a report back from you.

Write a 2-3 page paper in which you:
1.Discuss the criteria you will employ to determine if people on earth are religious ? in other words, what does religion look like.
2.Describe three (3) examples of behaviors or beliefs you observe that meet the criteria you established above.
3.Based on your observations, explain what the function of religion appears to be on Earth.
4.Aside from a functional understanding of religion, determine how else your observations could be interpreted. Provide specific examples to support your response.

Writers

-------------

discuss some strategies for appealing to a general audience that you will see or read about "Planet Earth" (documentary From BBC)

-What elements from this documentary work to connect with a general audience?

-What elements do not work to translate scientific information for the audience?

- for hophead (Thinking of the rhetorical features you encountered in the popular magazine article you wrote for me earlier and in the documentary Planet Earth, what are some specific similar rhetorical strategies you have used in your article to reach this audience? Why do you think these strategies will be effective?

Assignment: Report on the Religious Life of Planet Earth

Assume you are from another planet and have been sent to Earth to determine if it is a religious planet or not (something very important to your people). Your superiors are expecting a report back from you.
Write a 2-3 page paper in which you:
1. Discuss the criteria you will employ to determine if people on earth are religious ? in other words, what does religion look like.
2. Describe three (3) examples of behaviors or beliefs you observe that meet the criteria you established above.
3. Based on your observations, explain what the function of religion appears to be on Earth.
4. If you find that religion can be better discussed in terms of something other than its function, explain how else religion could be understood.
Your assignment must:
? Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
? Analyze what is meant by ?religion.?
? Recognize how daily life within various religions and current affairs are influenced by religion.
? Describe the varieties of religious experience and practice in a wide range of cultures.
? Develop written pieces that demonstrate an analysis of a topic relevant to the course.
? Use technology and information resources to research issues in religion.
? Write clearly and concisely about world religions using proper writing mechanics.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills.

"Report on the Religious Life of Planet Earth"

Assume you are from another planet and have been sent to Earth to determine if it is a religious planet or not (something very important to your people). Your superiors are expecting a report back from you.

Write a 3 page (approximately 500?750 words) ?report? that addresses the following:

?Discuss the criteria you will employ to determine if people on earth are religious ? in other words, what does religion look like?
?Describe three (3) examples of behaviors or beliefs you observe that meet the criteria you established above.
?Based on your observations, explain what the function of religion appears to be on Earth.
?If you find that religion can be better discussed in terms of something other than its function, explain how else religion could be understood.
This format of the paper is to be as follows:

?Typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one-inch margins on all sides (APA format).
?In-text citations and a References page following APA Style, even if the only source that you are using is the textbook. Any other sources must be documented using in-text citations and included on the References page.

Report on the Religious Life of Planet Earth

Assume you are from another planet and have been sent to Earth to determine if it is a religious planet or not (something very important to your people). Your superiors are expecting a report back from you.

Discuss the criteria you will employ to determine if people on earth are religious ??" in other words, what does religion look like.
Describe three (3) examples of behaviors or beliefs you observe that meet the criteria you established above.
Based on your observations, explain what the function of religion appears to be on Earth.
Aside from a functional understanding of religion, determine how else your observations could be interpreted. Provide specific examples to support your response.

Planetary Comparison Paper



Write a 1050 word paper on the science of Earth as compared with the other planets in our solar system.

a) Much is known about planet Earth, as it is our home planet. It is therefore an ideal planet for comparative planetology. Briefly describe the properties of our planet and explain them. Include the qualities of the earth?s interior, and how we learn about it, as well as a description of properties that shape and change the earth?s surface (i.e., volcanism, tectonics, erosion).

b) Then, examine each planet in our solar system. How does it compare to Earth? What are its unique characteristics? Why do these features exist on that planet, as opposed to Earth?

c) Your paper must be formatted according to APA guidelines, and should be based on the assigned reading. Your paper will be assessed according to your writing skills as well as the quality of the content.


Grading Rubric for Planetary Comparison Paper

Content / Development (45 points) Points Possible
Points
Earned Comments:
All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way.

? The required range for this paper is 1050 words

? The paper briefly describes the properties of our planet and explains them. This description includes the qualities of the earth?s interior, and how we learn about it, as well as a description of properties that shape and change the earth?s surface (i.e., volcanism, tectonics, erosion).
? The paper examines each planet in our solar system and answers the following questions:
1. How does it compare to Earth?
2. What are its unique characteristics?
3. Why do these features exist on that planet, as opposed to Earth?
This paper should be written in the narrative. Bulleted items or lists are not used. 30
The first paragraph introduces the topic. 5
Major points are stated clearly; are supported by specific details, examples, or analysis; and are organized logically. 5
The conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper, and reviews the major points. 5
45
Readability and Style (25 Points)
Paragraph transitions are present and logical and maintain the flow throughout the paper. 5
Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. 10
Sentences are well-constructed, with consistently strong, varied sentences. 5
Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought. 5
25
Mechanics (30 points)
The title page follows APA format. 3
A shortened title and page number are in a page header. 2
The first text page begins with a page break. 3
All margins meet APA requirements. All paragraphs are correctly indented 5 to 7 spaces. 2
The paper has no unnecessary hard returns embedded within the structure. 3
The paper is laid out with effective use of font styles, and white space. 2
Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed. 5
Spelling is correct. 5

I have already wrote out my outline and thesis statement. If you could follow this that would be great. The paper has to be 5 pages. Also it has to have some sources, but mostly opinion. This is my outline and what I have so far.
I. Introduction:
What causes solar storms? Why should Earth care so much about them? Massive explosions of electrified plasma from the sun are identified as Solar Storms which may cause a beautiful light show in the farthest points of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, but have the potential to cause devastating effects on the planet Earth including problems as knocking out satellites, blacking out power grids, and completely altering the atmosphere and climate. Scientists have gathered plenty of information over the years to explain Solar storms and have built a system to protect the Earth?s energy. The earth is still vulnerable to all the unknown activity that scientists have uncertainty about, but how can we prepare for the unknown possibilities of the sun. All we have is the history of nature to help protect ourselves from the future. So is that enough to guide us to be one step ahead of the universe?

A. The Sun:
The Sun is a massive, and magnificent object with a seriously complex system of inner workings that have the potential to alter the universe. This huge star is considered the center of Earth?s existence being that it produces the light, heat, and energy for humans. Being approximately 1.4 million Kilometers wide and housing around 99.8 percent of the total mass of the solar system in hot gases in which heat the sun up to about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit on the surface alone. (Nat?l Geo,1)
1. Magnetic Fields
2. Solar Activity
B. Earth
1. History
2. Predictions/Possibilities
II. Description
A. Satellites
1. Sources of Communication
2. Sources of Intel
B. Power Grids
1. Sectional Outline
2. Effects of Blackouts
C. Atmosphere and Climate
1. Aurora Borealis
2. Radiation versus Temperature
III. Conclusion
A. Preparations for Earth
1. Technologically
2. Physically
B. Statistical Data for the Future
1. Statistical Data from the last ?Perfect Storm?
2. Predictions for the next ?Perfect Storm?
References
"Sun, Sun Information, Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic." Science and Space Facts, Science and Space, Human Body, Health, Earth, Human Disease - National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. .

Please be careful in changing words, and citing references. Many of the questions on this exam dont have definitive answers. I am looking for how you apply evolutionary theory to problems that have been discussed. Your answers should be between 3-4 pages double spaced per answer. You are limited to a maximum of 20 pages total for the exam. You should include references cited placed at the end of each question (do not count towards page totals).
PLEASE BE VERY THOROUGH IN THE ANSWERS! I APPRECIATE IT AND IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE LET ME KNOW! THANK YOU!

THE QUESTIONS ARE LISTED BELOW!
1. Please discuss the pre-biotic conditions on planet earth. Why did it take approximately one half billion years before the earliest bacteria-like life evolved? Why did the formation of oxygen by photosynthesizers make such a difference on the planet? Specifically, why does it appear that the aerobic metabolic pathway is a mirror image of the photosynthetic pathway? What would have happened to this system if oxygen had been present on earth 4 billion years ago?

2. Biologists have found that the majority of genetic code in higher animals appears to serve no function. These large sequences appear to be the result of mutations that led to insertions. Logically, there should be a cost to having extraneous DNA. What is this cost? Why does natural selection not act by favoring organisms without these extra sequences of nucleotides? How do you interpret the data on bacteria that tend to have small genomes and lower amounts of junk DNA? Do extra copies of genes offer organisms any advantages? (hint: in your answer discuss Hox-gene complexes and their importance in the evolution of animal).

3. The Cambrian explosion is the first and only time in the fossil record that complex highly diverse organisms appear without much evidence of ancestral forms. How do you explain this? In Origin of the Species, Darwin was a little unclear as to how he envisioned changes from one species into several. In some areas he spoke of a gradual change over a long period, but in his illustration, he implied that some species remained almost constant for a long time before a radical change. The debate has continued with two views being expressed as gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Which view do you think has more data and why? In your answer, please refute the view that you think has the least evidence.

4. There are a number of invertebrates that switch sex during their life span. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this life cycle? Why do we not see more species that can switch from sexual to asexual reproduction and why do so few possess the ability to undergo sex changes during their lifespan? What are the limits, selective advantages and selective disadvantages to sex switching?


Customer is requesting that (RESEARCHPRO) completes this order.

Discuss the "Fate of the Earth" in the light of constantly decreasing natural resources and an ever-increasing world population. Is there hope for planet Earth in the twenty-first century? Include outside references and your own hopes and concerns about these topics. Be sure to cite all your sources.

Intro: Human Population growth

-It is often claimed that human population growth is the root cause for many environmental/sustainability problems
-Problem of population growth works indirectly, i.e. via need for food, energy, water,
-Neo-Malthusianists: were heading for a catastrophe

But:
-Malthus and his followers were proven wrong on previous occasions
-And today, new solutions seem to emerge: some policies have implied levelling off (e.g. China), social change has implied levelling off (e.g. Kerala), technological change is constantly leading to some solutions (e.g. solar panels over water channels in India)
-Indirect effect of population pressure opens up other questions: some use more resources than others

Assignment: frame the population crisis as an environmental/sustainability problem in the context of the six (schematic) metatheoretical perspectives on ecological problems discussed in Week 1. Draw on the BBC documentary How many people can live on planet earth? (can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wa3ZDEZj3P8). Using other resources to further elaborate is encouraged.

Word limit: 2500 words (references not included)


Practicalities:
-All referencing should be provided in the Harvard style format.
-Criteria for Marking
-50% of the mark will require the essay to address the required task in a sophisticated manner (depth and breadth) and
-50% of the mark will require the essay to:
-be logically organised, well written (and concise), displaying a clear flow of argument;
-have the spelling and grammar thoroughly checked;
-be within the set word limit;
-have appropriately sourced and cited references;
-incorporate a full reference list containing all reference material cited throughout the essay, and
-ideas and quotes throughout the essay are appropriately referenced




There are faxes for this order.

Watch the Story of Stuff (http://www.storyofstuff.com/) by Annie Leonard. This video summarizes the relationships between different parts the Materials Management concept described in your textbook (17.2). However, she adds her bias to the discussion (for better or for worse).
For this extra credit option, choose one of these two short essay topics:

Topic #1: Five planets, really?


We are here to create knowledge, which means you need to be actively involved in the process of analyzing and evaluating the information for yourself. This level of critical thought extends to the "Story of Stuff" video we watched in the Consumption Module. Annie Leonard states that if everyone on Earth lived the American lifestyle that we would require 5 planet Earths to sustain human society. How is this calculated? To get credit for this ECO, complete the following five (5) tasks:

(1) Go this this website (http://www.myfootprint.org/en/about_the_quiz/what_it_measures/) to determine your Ecological Footprint. Read about what an Ecological Footprint is and how the number of planets is determined, then click on "Next."

(2) Complete the assessment for your lifestyle. The number of planets at the end shows Annie Leonards scenario: if everyone on Earth consumed at the same level as you, we would need __ many planets to sustain Earth's human populations."

(3) Read the FAQs for the Ecological Footprint site. Click here (http://www.myfootprint.org/en/about_the_quiz/faq/) . Do some research on your own. What does this number really mean? Is it real?

(4) Write a 300-500 word essay that answers this question: "Was Annie Leonard correct?" Use your own self-assessment, the information in the FAQs, and your own research to critically evaluate the validity of Annie Leonard's claim and to support your thesis for this essay.

(5) Post your essay to the Story of Stuff ECO Forum. Clean your essay of all extraneous .html code. Check your posting after you post it to ensure that it is clean. A posting with .html code will receive 0 points. Do not attach your essay!


Topic #2: Is what she said really true?

We are here to create knowledge, which means you need to be actively involved in the process of analyzing and evaluating the information for yourself. This level of critical thought extends to the "Story of Stuff" video we watched in the Consumption Module. Annie Leonard makes many claims throughout her presentation. She is in no doubt trying to persuade you to believe her ideas. However, is anything she said really true? And if one thing isn't, what does this say for her credibility? To get credit for this ECO, complete the following 4 tasks:

(1) Watch the video and chose two (2) ideas that were presented as fact by Annie Leonard. (You might also want to check out the "rebuttal" Story of Stuff video by the How The World Works.) Remember to use your critical thinking skills! Are either of these approaches productive?

(2) Complete some research on the two (2) ideas, using primary resources. (Wikipedia and any other encyclopedia are secondary sources and are not appropriate citations in college writing.) Does your research confirm or debunk what she said and how she presented it? If you saw/read a rebuttal, how does what she presented compare to the rebuttal?

(3) Write a short essay (300-500 words) that explains to us the two ideas you researched and what you found out. Your thesis should answer this question: "Is Annie Leonard telling the truth? and should we believe anything she said?" What does this mean for the rest of her presentation? Consider how she presented the idea also. Was it drenched in an emotional appeal? or was it presented fairly? (If you saw/read a rebuttal, does this help you to better understand the issues and what can be done or are these (the Story of Stuff and the rebuttals) just more "noise" on the information super highway?

Need it by 10:30 tomorrow please.
A research paper is primarily a discussion
oor argument based on a thesis, which includes evidence from several collected sources
1. Select a topic
2. Find sources : Journals, Books, Websites,
3. Take notes
4. Arrange your notes by topic: Abstract
? A b s tra c t ??
In tro d u c tio n ?
Body: ?
D is c u s s io n s ??
C o n c l u s i o n s ?
A c k n o w le d g e m e n t ?
R e fe re n c e s
Need charts in the Paper at least 2-3
Have dis advantages and advantages discussions
how it affects the economy

Heres an example essay

Hydrogen Economy:
For And Against

Final Term Paper

1 Introduction
In todays economy, energy is a valuable and necessary component of our lives. Energy is classified as the capacity to do work. Examples of work can be anywhere from lifting a heavy object to leisurely driving your car. In my perspective, energy and the environment go hand in hand. Many of us may not ponder the fact that energy heavily relies on the environment. Furthermore, it is the environment that allows us to create energy. There are many ways that energy is delivered and produced in the world. A few ways energy is produced currently is through fossil fuels, hydrogen and other sources, such as wind and solar energy.

2 Fossil Fuels: Advantages and Disadvantages
Fossil fuels can be classified as coal, oil and gas. There are many advantages of producing energy using fossil fuels. This is utilizing fossil fuels has become popular. One advantage is that fossil fuels are able to create large amounts of energy in one single location. Moreover, fossil fuel plants can be stationed at any location. Another advantage of fossil fuels is that oil and gas can easily be transported through pipes. This decreases the risk of contaminating the environment. Lastly, if using coal in power plants, the cost to create energy is decreased. This is definitely a positive advantage for the economy. Although there are many advantages of using fossil fuels to produce energy, there are also many disadvantages. One disadvantage in using fossil fuels is pollution. Coal, oil and gas all give off carbon dioxide when burned, which harms the environment. Second disadvantage is when mining coal for energy, large areas of land are destroyed. Coal mining is also a very dangerous occupation that can lead to death in certain instances. Another disadvantage is when using gas, unpleasant odors can be released during transportation which effects the environment. Lastly, oil spills can occur which would release many unwanted pollutants into the air.

3 Solar and Wind Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages
Solar energy and wind energy are also used today to produce energy. Solar energy utilizes the sun to create energy. Using the sun, is a major advantage of utilizing solar energy. Other advantages of solar energy include, no pollution released, long lasting source of energy and no maintenance required. However, there are also disadvantages in using solar energy. The primary disadvantage of solar energy is the cost. It is highly expensive to produce solar energy and it is also heavily reliant on the weather. This means that in the winter, less energy is being produced in comparison to the summer. Wind energy, similar to fossil fuels and solar energy also has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of using wind to produce energy are that it is friendly for the environment. Also, wind turbines do not occupy much space compared to a power plant. A major advantage of wind energy in comparison to solar energy is that it is a free source of energy. Lastly, wind energy can be used to supply reliable amounts of electricity. Although wind energy is pleasant for the environment, there are also many disadvantages. One disadvantage is that wind energy relies heavily on the wind. In many parts of the country, wind strength is too low to generate energy. Second disadvantage is that it costs much more money to create wind turbines, which is detrimental to the economy. Lastly, wind turbines used to generate wind energy are classified as being noisy, which affects those living near.

4 Hydrogen Production
Another particular way to deliver energy is using the scientific element hydrogen. This method is also known as hydrogen economy, which was discovered in the year 1970 and has been labeled as a renewable energy source. There has been a constant debate in the past, present, and future regarding the pros and cons of a hydrogen economy. The scientific element hydrogen is one of the most common elements in the entire universe. Many compounds consist of the scientific element hydrogen. The most common compound that is composed of hydrogen, two hydrogen atoms to be more specific is water, a vital substance for our survival. Hydrogen has neither color nor smell. Hydrogen also has many uses besides generating energy in our daily lives. It can be used for methanol production, filling balloons, welding, creating fuel cells and hydrogenating fats and oils. Hydrogen is not an energy source, but instead considered an energy carrier. An interesting fact about hydrogen and the environment is that even though it makes up three quarters of the universes elemental mass, it is rare to find on planet Earth. This is true because hydrogen gas is a very light molecule. It is so light that it is able to escape the Earths gravitational field and drift off into space.
Despite the fact that hydrogen is rare on Earth, there are several sources that can produce hydrogen. Hydrogen production mainly comes from fossil fuels and water. One way hydrogen is produced is from steam reforming. Steam reforming uses coal, oil and natural gases to produce hydrogen and ultimately releases carbon dioxide. This can be seen as a con of a hydrogen economy. Another way to produce hydrogen is by electrolysis. Electrolysis is performed by using electricity and water, and isolates hydrogen in the process. An electric current is passed through water, decomposing it to become oxygen and hydrogen gas. The third production method of hydrogen was developed in the 1980s, which is breaking down hydrocarbons, called the Kwaener process. A fourth production method is using bacteria and fermentation. Basically in this process, the bacteria feed on hydrocarbons and excrete away hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide can be separated by scientific experiments and procedures. Many other production methods of hydrogen rely on solar energy and wind energy. In summary, hydrogen production has more cons than pros. The percentage breakdown of hydrogen production can be seen in the pie chart below.




5 Hydrogen Economy: Advantages and Disadvantages
Compared to fossil fuels, solar energy and wind energy, hydrogen is an important factor in the future of energy and the environment. One pro of a hydrogen economy, is that it is cleaner and healthier for the environment. When hydrogen gas (H2) is burned, a volatile gas is not produced. Instead what is produced is water, which is not harmful to the environment. In contrast to the other forms of energy, hydrogen is producing another vital substance essential to our lives. More water production is a positive outcome of using hydrogen for energy. Another advantage is that pollution rates will decrease because less fossil fuels and greenhouse gases will be released by hydrogen. For example, the energy source from hydrogen can be used in vehicles of transportation. Therefore, this will result in a more clean air for us to breathe in. In reference to solar and wind energy, they cannot be used in transportation. Since transportation is a major component of the United States, energy from hydrogen can be utilized in another positive way. A hydrogen economy will also benefit the United States economically, in that it will eliminate our dependence on oil producing countries. A hydrogen economy can eventually save money and stimulate a rise in the United States economy. Once again, compared to the other ways of producing energy, hydrogen can ultimately save money instead of coting money. The final advantage of a hydrogen economy, is that it can be basically produced anywhere that water and electricity are present. Hydrogen is a not a primary source of energy, it is a secondary source. It can be thought of in comparison to electricity, as something that is stored. Below is a schematic view of a hydrogen economy in full effect.

The critics of this renewable energy source believe there are many disadvantages in a hydrogen economy. One con of a hydrogen economy is simply that hydrogen is not commonly found on our planet. This calls for the separation of fossil fuels and water, making hydrogen a secondary energy source as stated in the above paragraph. A second con in relation to the first, is since hydrogen must be created by the separation of fossil fuels, this means there will still be pollutants and greenhouse gases in the environment. This negates the one pro mentioned by those in favor of a hydrogen economy. Another disadvantage of a hydrogen economy is that it will rely on a great amount of energy. This is so because one source of hydrogen is the electrolysis of water, which requires a great deal of energy. The last con in a hydrogen economy is that it costs more money than other energy sources or carriers. It is easily understood to cost more money because it is a secondary energy source.

6 Discussion Regarding the Negative Effects of a Hydrogen Economy
According to the research I conducted, I am against a hydrogen economy in the production of energy because it has negative effects in terms of production, storage, cost, safety and environmental impact. To store hydrogen is a very difficult process and can be characterized as a con of a hydrogen economy as well. Hydrogen gas is very low in energy and density, which requires large volume and large tanks. The gas can be compressed and also liquefied to reduce the volume. However, both the compression and liquefaction of hydrogen gas also require a lot of energy and heavy, insulated, and strong storage tanks to be used. A second approach to store hydrogen is storing it as ammonia (NH3). This approach is much easier, because ammonia is a very common chemical. However, it also has disadvantages. One disadvantage to this storage approach is that to produce ammonia one needs a large amount of energy. Also, more importantly ammonia is considered a toxic gas. Another way to store hydrogen is in metal hydrides. Boron, sodium and lithium are just a few examples of metals that can carry hydrogen. Similar to those storage mechanisms above, metal hydrides are heavy and have a high reactive rate when mixed with water, which can be violent and dangerous. Below is an image showing the production, storage and usage of hydrogen gas.
The cost of hydrogen for a hydrogen economy may be one of the greatest reasons it is not in effect today. Due to the production of hydrogen, the cost increases because fossil fuels are used. In addition to the production costs, the storage, transportation and refining costs of hydrogen are also expensive. In terms of safety, hydrogen is very reactive with air. Hydrogen always leaks out of air, despite the proportionality between the two elements. Hydrogen leaks can lead to explosions which are very dangerous. Critics of a hydrogen economy label the safety of hydrogen as a con and I agree. Hydrogen can be specifically dangerous in closed off locations such as tunnels. Throughout history, many hydrogen standards and codes have been created to protect those using the gas. These standards and codes have also prevented the rise of a hydrogen economy in the present time.
The most important factor in my opinion is the environmental impact of hydrogen. There are many risks on the environment caused by hydrogen. The amount of carbon dioxide released when hydrogen is produced greatly effects the environment. Another problem that may arise from a hydrogen economy that will affect the environment in a negative way, is hydrogen gas leaks. When hydrogen gas leaks, it leaks slowly and can form free radicals in the stratosphere due to ultraviolet radiation. These free radicals could then cause ozone depletion, which has not been proven yet, but is a high concern for those against hydrogen economies.

7 Conclusions
In conclusion, hydrogen economies are not the main energy source we use currently, around the world. However, hydrogen is used today to produce ammonia for fertilization and to convert petroleum into lighter fuels. Although hydrogen economies are not as main stream as those in favor may have hoped, the idea is becoming more popular. It is becoming more popular because there has been a sudden rise in fossil fuel prices. This has stimulated countries to really think about other, more efficient ways to create energy. In conclusion, a hydrogen economy is not as beneficial and cheap as we have hoped it to be. There are still many problems and concerns regarding hydrogen that hopefully can be improved and eventually solved. Looking back to those in favor and to those who are against a hydrogen economy, I am on the side of those who are against. I believe the risks involved with the production and storage of hydrogen is far too large to push aside. The production and storage of hydrogen all have negative effects on the environment, which can ultimately hurt our planet in infinite ways. When discussing energy, the environment must be accounted for. On a lighter note, the comic below summarizes the debate regarding a hydrogen economy in a humorous manner.



Acknowledgment
The author acknowledges the support of Professor Reginald Eze for his insight and guidance throughout the creation and development of the paper. St. Johns University, visiting summer students department is greatly appreciated.

References
1. "Analyzing the Hydrogen Economy - Market Research Reports - Research and Markets." Research and Markets - Market Research Reports - Welcome. May 2011. Web. 15 July 2011. .
2. Armaroli Nicola, Balzani Vincenzo. "The hydrogen issue." Chemsuschem. 2010; 21-36.
3. Ball Michael, Wietschel Martin. "The hydrogen economy: opportunities and challenges." Cambridge University Press. 2009; 8-45.
4. Bossel et al., "The Future of the Hydrogen Economy: Bright or Bleak?", 28 Oct 2004. .
5. Crabtree et al., The Hydrogen Economy, Physics Today, Dec 2004.
6. Helmenstine, Anne M. "Hydrogen Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Facts for Hydrogen." Chemistry - Periodic Table. Web. 15 July 2011. .
7. "Hydrogen Economy." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 15 July 2011. .
8. Lang, Yizhao; Arnepalli, Ranga Rao, et al. "A Review on Hydrogen Production: Methods, Materials and Nanotechnology." Journal of Nanosciene and Nanotechnology, 2011: vol 11; 53719-3739.
9. Rifkin, Jeremy et al., "Top 10 Pros and Cons." Alternative Energy - ProCon.org. 2003. .
10. Ristinen, Robert A. et al., "Energy and the Environment". Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2006.
11. "The hydrogen economy: opportunities, costs, barriers and R and D needs." National Research Council. 2004; 91-100.
12. Winsche WE, Hoffman KC, Salzano FJ. "Hydrogen: Its Future Role in the Nation's Energy Economy." Science. 1973;180(4093):1325-32.

*** This essay is to enter "The Friends of the FCI 2010 Scholarship". It has to be max of 2 pages double spaced. It requests the following: "briefly explain your culinary goals, how you plan to achieve them and detail your post-study plans. Clearly define your educational and career goals, any obstacles you have overcome."*****

As a college student I struggled to find my calling, however I possesed an undying passion for the culinary arts. Having an experienced father for a cook, I learned from a very young age certain flavors, smells and techniques just watching him create dishes for the family. However, from a young age I became an avid protector for the earth and nature itself. Everytime I could have the chance of collecting new crops with each coming season, I would watch my father cook exquisite meals from our very own garden. That thought facinated me and I treasured every moment. Growing up, I loved creating certain small gardens with vegetables and herbs that could enhance my cooking and give me a sense of giving back to our planet earth. I began growing all kinds of peppers ranging from bell, cayenne and chili peppers, herbs and tomatoes. Growing these produce, I researched and bought different cooking books and recipes that could give me ideas on fabulous plates I could create. As an avid recycler and creating my own compost tea for my crops, I grew healthy and fully organic vegetables that would magically enhance my dishes. I slowly but surely, began to love the way it made me feel to give my two cents to conserving the environment and how it gave back beautiful and tasty produce.
As I researched a culinary career and focusing on one day creating a self-sustained restaurant, I ran into obstacles that slowed my never-dying dream. As a family, my parents, my sister and I are a very tight knit unit but with the struggling economy we began having big difficulties in helping my sister and I for schooling, housing and medical insurance. At 20 years old I was faced with having to work full-time to be able to afford my at that time school, medical insurance, house payments and living expenses. I knew I couldn't ask for help from my family, as I felt like I had to help them in any way possible, as they always helped me in the past times of need. I got a full-time job as a Residential Counselor at Silver Hill Hospital running an acute transitional unit for mentally-ill patients. I was given the task of teaching them how to cook, prepare a wide range of dishes and during the summer/spring season grow our own crops for cooking. We grew a variety of tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, herbs and carrots, brocoli and eggplant. We had our very own garden in the backyard of the unit, where I witnessed patients get so involved in planting and in the whole marvelous process of watching it grow from a seed to being able to harvest the produce and use it on our dishes. They began improving in their overall appearance and gradually enhance a new hobby that gave them hope for a future. It gave me once more, a great feeling of how perfect nature is in every sense. Pure perfection. As I apply for FCI, I face my obstacles face to face by reasearching and applying for a wide range of financial assistance, hoping that my cause will touch others and be able to give me the opportunity of creating this a reality. After attending FCI and learning everything I possibly can, I fully intend to work on every step that will lead me to one day creating a self-sustained restaurant. I fully intend to try to intern with one of my culinary heroes, Dan Barber in NY who is an executive chef and a true example of culinary cuisine from his own farm in NY. He is the dream of cooks who would like to pursue a career in culinary arts and be able to see cooking as a resemblance of the environment, an agriculture farm in the countryside. As I get closer to my ultimate goal, I fully intend to help environmental agriculture and farming causes where I can illustrate the importance of farming and agriculture instead of the current laws that applaud industrial agriculture and are environmentally destructive.

With the help of career services in FCI and with this kind of internship in mind, I hope to gain the knowledge, network and skills that require to start my own sustainable restaurant serving organic seasonal meals. Another way to futher my educational knowledge on farming and agriculture would be to attend workshops and courses on agriculture and cutting edge cooking techniques. Developing network with different chefs, business men and organizations I can aquire the financial aspect and marketing for my goal. As I grow in my culinary career, I fully intend to give back to the community by holding workshops and educating not only adults, but especially kids to educate our future generations on healthy eating and sustainable living. Having lived from extreme rural environments to heavily populated areas, I have aquired a mix of culinary influences and feel like I can mesh both together, to create something totally unique. Also, having aquired the unique and privilidge vision of different agriculture techniques from different parts of the world like France, other parts of Europe, islands in Caribbean like Puerto Rico and Thailand, I have learned and become fully interested in creating a totally submerged restaurant in it's environment.

For this reason, I truly trust my capabilities to create one day a restaurant that could enhance the environment, help the community and give back to our much needed environment on a day-to-day recurrence.
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Literature review

Hi there

I would like you to rewrite this chapter, what I have written don?t make much sense; therefore a thorough look in the chapter is necessary. I will enclose also the dissertation proposal and the methodology chapter, which will give you a better picture of the dissertation. Please change anything that you think is necessary.
The writing has to be very academic and coherent .
Harvard referencing style is necessary
The literature review should develop general understanding of subject area.
Define:
 Tourism development
 Sustainable tourism
 Sustainable development sustainability
 Ecological political approach
 Economic sustainability
 Eco-tourism
 Eco-tourism hotel, technical advisory service, biodiversity, conservation
 The POTENCIAL IMPACT OF NA ECO-HOTEL ON PROTECTED AREAS


 Please ensure you define each term in a logical manner.
 To what extent does relevance of each agree or disagree the aims and objectives of research
 It is necessary to rationalise the approach to discussion of ecotourism in the literature review.
 Please include tables graphs when necessary



DISSERTATION PROPOSAL
The social cultural impact of establishing an eco-tourism enterprise in Joao Pessoa- Brazil
Focus
1. An analysis of eco-tourism development
2. An assessment of the opportunities - regional, domestic, international
3. An evaluation of the projects feasibility
4. An examination of the social-cultural impact of the eco-tourism
5. Conclusion
Context
Brazil has a sanctuary of the finest natural resources in the world ? fauna & flora?, therefore tourism is in ascendence and demands for mid class hotels are on increase. The development of eco-tourism in specific areas is anticipated due to partnership with local banking intuitions; local government interest and regulations; and a general growth of awareness of the tension between the tourist dollar, the environment and local cultures.
Research Methods
Primary research ( interviews and questionnaires) to analyse the feasibility of the project. Secondary research - internet, journals, books.
Contact local government and bank institutions to find out the incentives for new businesses. Link to others countries which have developed eco-tourism successfully. Search for UK an Brazilian tour operators to evaluate the tourism demands in Brazil.
Potential problems : difficulty to interview professionals in the hospitality and tourism industry. Raise interest on the local government to back the project. Legislation and regulations connected to the development and sustainability of the site.

References

Brazilian Tourism Board
Empirical visit to the area 1998, 2000, 2002.
Books, journals, web sites
Contact hotel consultants to evaluate the projectxplain what tourism development program ( prodetur/ NE II) is about



5.0 METHODOLOGY
5.1 Description of the methodology

In this chapter, the barriers to entry to a niche market (i.e., ecotourism in Brazil) were analyzed, in order to investigate the current trends and accessibility of a segment or a niche market within the hospitality industry. This was done by exploring the needs of the service, and the efficiency in the industry at large, and also by evaluating the possibilities of developing an eco-tourism hotel in Brazil.
Primary data to support these aims was collected through interviews and questionnaires. An interview is a face-to-face situation where the interviewer asks
questions and the interviewee responds. According to Bell (1999), observing the way people respond to a question and examining their facial expressions, their patterns of hesitation and their gesticulations may provide the interviewer with different answers to those that would be gained through solely written responses.

5.2 Interviews

The interviews were undertaken directly and indirectly: in the direct interviews, the interviews were conducted by myself in Brazil, over the period July to August 2002; in the indirect interviews, a second or third person under my direction conducted the interviews on my behalf. The people interviewed included the following: Maria Julia de Jesus, the Owner and General Manager of Piccollo Aubergo, an Eco-tourism Hotel in Maresias, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Jose Emmanuel Franca Falcao, a Post Graduate in Hotel Management, who is responsible for five hotels in Brazil; Gemauro Santos, a University Lecturer in Hotel and Management at Sao Paulo University; Sergio Tavares, Professor of??; Mr. Caio de Carvalho, the Minister for Tourism and Sports (who was interviewed on 13th November 2002 at the London Excel World Travel Market); Luis Trigo, the Course Co-ordinator (Tourism) at SENAC, and Mariangela Storani, the Owner of Eco-trekking at Vinhedo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The results from these interviews gave me a more realistic feeling for my investigations, and directed my investigations, such that I was able to draw more precise conclusion from the research than if I had not undertaken the interviews.

5.3 Questionnaires
Using questionnaires enables the analysis of the data gathered by both quantitative and qualitative methods. The use of questionnaires is a faster alternative to interviews, and often provides more exact answers to the questions given. Care, however, needs to be taken in the design of the questionnaires, which should be unbiased, not sexist, and should not discriminate against race, religion, those with disabilities, etc.
I used two questionnaires. The first was designed to investigate travel agencies in Brazil: 45 agencies were approached, and 30 responded. The second questionnaire was designed especially for travelers, in order to determine if leisure travelers knew of the existence of an eco-friendly segment in Brazil, and if not, to determine if there was sufficient interest for a new niche to be created. The questionnaire was also intended to determine the level of interest from potential future travelers to stay in an eco-environment establishment. The different needs of leisure and corporate travelers, when choosing a hotel were also intended to be established through the questionnaire. 80 travelers responded to this questionnaire.
The data collected would give more realistic quantitative data to establish
whether there was a current trend towards implementing an eco-tourism enterprise in
the northeast of Brazil. Therefore, this study would highlight whether a niche market could develop in this part of Brazil, or if ? intrinsically - Brazilian people would see eco-tourism differently from other countries, due to the fact that the country is endowed with a vast concentration of natural resources.
Similarly, secondary data was processed via academic literature review, journals, magazines, websites, which related to the subject. The results of the investigations are given after the Introduction in the chapter one, and some of the resources used in this literature review are given in the Bibliography.
I have visited Brazil many times, over a number of years, and over this time, I have been able to collect empirical evidence concerning the development of eco-tourism, and moreover, to study the socio-cultural aspects of Brazilians. This evidence could consolidate my findings detailed in the current thesis, added to the fact that the analysis of the questionnaires and interviews presented here is intended to show the current trend in tourism, to provide the reader with information which might prove that eco-tourism in Brazil is in the early stages in the life cycle curve.
5.4 Preliminary Findings of the Literature Review

Due to the fast development of eco-tourism and the risks to its sustainability, a wider view of the subject was prudent. Analysis of statistics, literature and websites, were therefore undertaken, to provide a more in-depth view of the limitations that sustainable tourism would offer. Moreover, the work of pressure groups like Greenpeace, Unep, Unesco and others, offers a wide range of supportive data, on socio-cultural and socio-political aspects of the preservation of the world?s (and Brazil?s) natural resources.
Through the background research on sustainable tourism, it was found that more people now understand the need for the development of sustainability, from community-level upwards. Due to the ever-increasing levels of destruction of the planet Earth, leaders from all over the world met at the Rio Summit (in 1992) to examine the causes and effects of the degradation, and to make amendments in the legislation in order to abate this destruction. It was, however, also identified that sustaining development through eco-tourism in small communities is debatable, and adds a great many more risks to the potential for degradation that is already present: a great deal of damage can be done to the environment and to the communities if an appropriate action plan is not efficiently followed. Moreover, there are so many interpretations of what ?eco-tourism? really is,
that a substantial analysis of the subject is extremely important, in order to use the opportunities to develop sustainability and to protect biodiversity and the ecosystem in a positive manner.

In Brazil, figures collected from the Institute of Geography and Statistics
(IBGE) were extremely important in giving background information about the geo-political and economic structures of Brazil; the Brazilian Association of Hotels Industry (ABIH) similarly so, for information on the Brazilian tourism trade.
Through visits to local and regional hotel businesses in Brazil, from the south to
north of the country, and through interviews with hotel proprietors, and general managers, I have tried to create and analyze a profile for each individual establishment, which would give me the essential knowledge about how such businesses are run in Brazil. The analysis of the profiles of these businesses is intended to identify specific and realistic supply and demand needs for a new organic eco-tourism enterprise to be developed in a particular region in Brazil. The findings would show the feasibility of Brazil to be the host of one or more eco-tourism enterprises, which would be self-sufficient and sustainable.
Furthermore, the questionnaires and interviews were directed to corporate businesses travelers, who use the hospitality industry as a channel to develop their businesses, by promoting events and conferences. The aim of giving these questionnaires to corporate travelers was to give further data about their expectations and needs when hiring a hotel to hold their seminars. Moreover, these questionnaires were intended to give a more accurate picture of how a new eco-tourism enterprise could exceed its corporate needs and expectations, such that a new niche could be identified.

It is evident that corporate traveling is a segment of the hospitality industry with a high financial potential and one that can also sustain growth, due to the intrinsic need to meet their customers? or employees? business demands. Consequently, encouraging corporate businesses to participate in the development of eco-tourism hotels would, in my view, give organizations a new dimension through which to help the environment and to follow the necessary codes of ethics. In addition, incorporating the needs of corporate travelers would allow a better understanding of what can be done to stimulate corporate travelers to be interested in supporting an eco-friendly environment.

Surprisingly, even with the September 11th attacks of 2001, tourism in Brazil is still increasing, with a yearly growth of 7% (EMBRATUR). Therefore, the results from the suggested interviews and questionnaires would confirm whether there will be a sustained increase in sthe current trends of corporate and leisure travelers looking for a more eco-friendly environment in Brazil.

LITERATURE REVIEW

7.1 Introduction

This chapter provides an understanding of the literature which has been published in the area of studies of sustainable tourism and eco-tourism. Firstly, I will be giving definitions of what is Sustainable Tourism. Secondly, a brief review of economic impact in tourism development. Finally, a description and definition of Eco-tourism and what studies have been published on the subject matter.



Tourism is an activity which was developed from the needs of individuals from discovery and trade to adventure and relaxation. According to Rejowski (1998), the first demonstration of tourism is dated from 1870; however the studies were linked directly with economy and geography. Nowadays tourism is a global interactivity; it has gained a diversity of roots and branches, adapting to needs of people .



A brief and simplistic chronological description of the tourism development:

i) Adventurers set to discover other lands (eg Captain Cook)

ii) Travellers for scientific research (eg Darwin)

iii) Business travellers (trade)

iv) Visiting friends and family (social),

v) Leisure travellers (relaxation)

vi) Eco-Travellers (learners).



The development of tourism has influenced people to create thousands of organisations national and international, governmental or non governmental. Thus evolved the creation of million of jobs worldwide, in what is today is one of the fastest growing world industries.

Tourism has led people to accept different attitudes and admire eclectic cultures. In addition, to be able to understand these cultures, society at large had to adapt to the pluralism of cultures by learning languages, gastronomy, music, religion and an infinity of elements.

Accordingly to Kaluf (2001), the development of tourism has been presented all over the world, it has been sustaining growth of 20% in last five years, 5% in mass tourism and incredibly 15% in eco-tourism. With an increase in the world population and high demands of tourism, either mass or eco-tourism, the only question to be answered is: Can the planet sustain such growth? Let?s see what the experts have to say about the development of sustainable tourism.


7.2 Sustainable Tourism Development

Tourism is regarded as one of the most important sectors to enhance economic growth in developing countries. Therefore governments and organisations invest in tourism projects. At the same time the need for investments in sustainable development increases: natural, socio-cultural and economic resources should be secured for future generations. Sustainable tourism development aims at enhancing the contribution of tourism to sustainable development, thereby creating sustainable tourism.

Efforts to create sustainable tourism should focus on both large scale development and small scale projects: the sustainability of tourism depends on the major players in tourism such as airlines, international tour operators and national governments, but cannot do without the participation and support of local communities.

Both sustainable development and tourism development are complex processes, with many interests and parties involved. To deal with these complexities, planning methods have been designed. In these methods quite often the interests of local communities are not taken into account.

According to a definition put forward by the World Bank, sustainable development can be characterised by three principles:

* The rate at which renewable resources are used must not exceed the rate at which they are regenerated.
* The rate at which non-renewable resources are used must not exceed the rate at which renewable substitutes are developed.
* The rate of emissions of polluting agents must be in accordance with the environmental capacity to assimilate them.


Martins (2002) mentions that there are different points of view of the meaning of sustainable development and sustainability. People look at it economically and politically, it all depends on the interests behind each organisation. He argues that each point of view should be analysed in the economic and the natural resources aspects of tourism. He maintains that sustainability carries an ethical concept, which relates to the economic system, and has to be taken into consideration: the limited natural resources, population growth, change of trends, natural disasters, these elements influence the way tourism develops and how it can sustains its capabilities and communities.

 DO NOT USE MATERIAL AS OLD AS 1987 IN THE LITERATURE REVIEW THE TEXT BELLOW HAS TO BE REWRITTEN

Inspired by the way the expression ?sustainable development? has been used in the literature at large, the 1987 Brundtland Commission Report (Gro Harlem Brundtland, Norwegian Prime Minister) define says simply that: the term sustainable development, is: ?meeting the needs of the current generations without compromising the ability or opportunity for future generations to meet their needs?. Martins (2002) and Lemos (1999). The Brundtland Commission Report presented some public political suggestions, which could promote a sustainable development. Therefore, the following measures are suggested to be adopted:

i) limited population growth;

ii) long term assurance of food supply;

iii) the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems;

iv) decrease of energy consumption, and development of renewable technological sources of energy;

v) to supply the basic human needs;

vi) the increase of industrial production in less developed t countries, by using eco-friendly technology;

vii) control the fast urbanisation of population; and,

viii) better integration between city and the country.

Therefore, according to the Brundtland report, it is fair to say that every country should adopt an ecological political approach which will benefit the global population and protect nature. Dickstein et al (2001:2) affirm that most definitions of sustainable development include the Brundtland Commission''s report, and furthermore, sustaining ecological systems requires sustaining human systems; the two go hand in hand.


Another vision which equates to Martin?s views is by Cater & Lowman (1994) who argue that sustainable development depends on diversity of interests: what seems to be sustainable from one point of view can be opposite from another. All depends on political and business interests and how they follow ethics and show respect to people, the environment and indigenous communities. There are many interpretations of sustainable development, it all depends the economic environment and its capability to sustain economic growth by exploring the natural resources carefully.



On the other hand, opposing some points in the Brundtland Commission Report, Gomes (1995) argues that contain utopia suggestions that sustainable development requires. He points out that, when it is suggested that society should fulfil human needs, therefore, it is necessary to increase production potential in order to guarantee that all human beings have equal opportunities to use the environment. Taking Brazil as an example, where 54 million people are considered poor and 51% of the poverty lies in the Northeast of the country (IBGE 2002), where those people make their living from the use of natural resources which is the only means of living, one can agree with the author above mentioned, that is utopia.


Creating sustainable economic development. According to Dickstein et al. (2001) looking into systematic points of intervention can influence sustainability along a production continuum or life cycle. The table below shows factors which influence production. Ideally, sustainability is achievable by focusing at the early stage of production processes, in order to create viable businesses, adding value to communities, protecting the environment. Each point along the continuum has distributional impacts for people and communities. However, this continuum can be harmed if new policies from federal, state, regional take place.*




7.3 Economic Sustainability

Sustainable tourism is measured by the principle of a qualitative economic growth. In the short and long run, this principle contributes to diversified incomes - taking into account the ecological and social costs and benefits of growth. Tourism can contribute to the welfare of destination regions by protecting local sources of income and improvements of local living conditions. Additionally, tourism can contribute to facilitating disadvantages or even to equalling structural disparities of remote areas. Tourism needs to be integrated in the local economical structures in order to maximise its contribution to the regional value added. The use of social values and the formulation of appropriate regulations and legislation should be the key to all tourism destinations, to avoid deterioration of the environment.


Martins (2002) points out that a sustainable economy is one where the natural resources should be maintained for generations to come, again emphasised in the Brundtland Commission Report. Therefore, the capability of diversification of sustainable environment resources should minimise waste and maximise the natural resources to be regenerated. Therefore, stimulate input as much as the output.


Cuera (2001) mentions that it is fundamental not only to incorporate in sustainable environment planning and economic factors, but also social and environment changes. In addition, the consequences of these actions in the long term should be considered, equally short term results.


In spite of the different thoughts and theories of economists and environmentalists, the key to the development of sustainable tourism is in the hands governments and large corporations who should consider nature before profits. However, individuals can pressurise these institutions to act for a cleaner environment.

If we do not drastically slow the growth of the human population, then no amount of regulation and energy-efficient technology (short of resorting to a Neolithic lifestyle) will help us. According to the US Census Bureau, the world''s population was 6,157,756,751 this year, with an increase of more than 76 million people since last year?s figure. That takes account of deaths. And we are only going to get exponentially bigger.

Craig Stern
Copyright 2001 by the Daily Trojan. All rights reserved.
This article was published in Vol. 142, No. 59 (Monday, April 16, 2001), beginning on page 6 and ending on page 13.

7.4 Eco-tourism

There are many definitions of eco-tourism. According to Rolim de Moura (2001) eco-tourism is: ?a segment of tourism activity which utilises in sustainable form, the natural and cultural heritage, and envisages the formation of a collective environmentalist consciousness which by conceptualising the meaning of environment, promotes the welfare of the global communities?. Another vision of eco-tourism is: ? Eco-tourism aims to provide tourists with opportunities to experience the attractions of global resources and local people, whole maintaining their social and economic stability and conserving their resources? (MK).

In western society, travel to experience wild nature is an old and well-accepted phenomenon. Starting in 1872 in the United States with Yellowstone Park, in 1879 in Australia with Royal Park and in 1885 in Canada with Banff Park and Niagara Falls, governments set aside natural areas for protection and recreation in the form of national parks. Eagles (1997:4). I was convinced that eco-tourism dated further back and that has been confirmed by Cater & Lowman (1994) when they mentioned that Charles Darwin as being one of the first eco-tourists in world.

7,5 Management Issues in Eco-tourism

Issue
1. Tourist Travel Motives and Marketing
2. Management of Environmental Quality
3. Limits of Acceptable Change
4. Management of Tourist Use
5. Allocation of Access
6. Market Specialisation
7. Management of Recreation Conflict
8. Enforcement and Monitoring
9. Consumer Assurance of Quality
10. Facility Design
11. Community Development
12. Financial Viability
13. Public and Private Sector Co-operation

Hi This a a reasearch project for my hospitality class. Mr. Jatar is the founder of blue earth network. Attach is his article below. In this article he talk about the blue earth cafe which he want to open and is going to be a sustainable cafe (green). Below are the deliverables which will help with the paper. Read the article and the deliverables and based on that you have to answer 4 questions. The paper has to be a 11 point font and in times new roman.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article:

Inspiration:
Cafes have played a role in catalyzing social transformations for many centuries by harboring intellectuals, artists, poets and revolutionaries who changed society by spreading new thinking. Today's social, economic and technological trends make this a great time to create a revolutionary, modern version of the cafe tradition and play an active role in a new transformation that is starting to unfold.
We are creating a 21st Century cafe-bistro by creating a convergence of the traditional companionship and food of a cafe with Web 2.0 technology that will enable youth in colleges to connect, communicate and collaborate.

Vision
Pioneer a new business approach that authentically merges social, environmental and shareholder motives through innovation, so that they are inseparable.

Blue Earth Bistro: A Holistically Sustainable Enterprise
Blue Earth Bistros (BEB) is a holistically sustainable business idea that helps thousands of the disadvantaged get out . of poverty, promotes healthy eating among university students by providing nourishing food, and empowers a worldwide community of students to engage in collaborative innovation via in-store access to Web 2.0 technologies.
I. Ambience/Social Networking
Global: Bistro experience that celebrates the best of humanity and planet earth.
All day dining: Ambience that adjusts by day - part to reflect the mood of the occasion - bright and stimulating in the morning, cool/exotic at night and designed for community intNaction - real & virtual. Hubs: Each community can connect, communicate, and collaborate amongst themselves and the world.
II. Food
Menu Objectives
Innovatively remove barriers to healthy eating - great taste, convenience (taking into account student lifestyles), and affordability.
Menu Strategy: Fine Food Fast
Global fusion cuisine: Perfect combination of great taste and good nutrition - no excuse not to eat healthy!
Foreign but familiar: Not too exotic, but different enough.
Ethical Sourcing: Natural, organic, Fair Trade and locally sourced as far as possible. Convenient: Easy to serve and eat.
Nutritional Principles
Dr. Walter C. Willett, the chair of the Department of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health, guides our holistic nutritional principles. Our menu achieves these principles through innovation and a burning desire to develop a menu that we would be happy to let our own children eat every day.
III. Talent
The bistros are designed to recruit, train and employ thousands of under-privileged people in countries around the world in partnership with non-profits. BEB values its employees and recognizes that their true entrepreneurial spirit will not shine if they are struggling for mere survival.
Provide training and development to economically disadvantaged individuals via Goodwill Industries.
Social Entrepreneurs will graduate from life skills and management training programs to positions in Blue Earth and receive access to further mentoring, training, and development.
Social entrepreneurswill earn healthy salaries, participate in profit sharing, receive benefits, and have the incentive of tangible career growth and community service.
The first 120 outlets could directly give a hand-up out of poverty to approximately 3000-5000 individuals over 10 years. More outlets would create an exponential increase in impact over several years. Indirect societal benefits like creating role models, reducing health/crime related issues could be significant as well.
IV. Sustainability (architecture, local, organic)
Holistically sustainable materials and operations to minimize our carbon footprint.
Locally sourced organic ingredients as far as possible for healthier food and less impact on environment.
GRA certification to achieve near zero-waste status.
100% ethically sourced ingredients and independently certified wherever possible/available
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Deliverables:
1. Complete rigorous competitive review
2. Identify target audiences and segment them
3. Complete menu preferences analyses
4. Develop compelling' message for loyalty
5. Develop communication vehicles for viral marketing to reach targets in the
university environment
6. Develop specifics of GSU Blue Earth Brand identity
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Questions:
1. Based on the delineated deliverables for your specific group, discuss your strengths as related to how you can optimize your contributions to your group. Discuss in detail which tasks you are most qualified to handle.
(Things like doing research or analysing research etc)

2. For your specific group, what resources do you know of that can be used in delivering the best results? Include companies that can be benchmarked for specific areas of achievement.
(Things like sustainibility, Zero waste zone, decomposing waste, going green, using recycle paper, using soy ink etc)

3. Select three of the deliverables for your group. Outline specific tasks and estimated time for completion of these tasks as related to the final product delivered.

4. For your particular group, what metrics should be used to determine your group's success in meeting the quality and quantity of deliverables? What approaches should be used in determining the accountability of each individual member?

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http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2020815,00.html

The issue of TIME Magazine (Oct.4) contains an article of great interest. The cover story, "The First Nine Months," suggests that what happens in utero will have a significant effect on our health and well being throughout childhood and adult life. Please use references from medical journal, book, and articles in addition to the main article listed above to argue that what happens in utero will have an effect on our health and well being throughout childhood. Make notations of philosophers and scientists theories of child development: ie: Piaget, Bronsenbrenners Ecological Systems's theory etc. This paper should be based on Life Science / Biology type information, as it is for a Life on Planet Earth class.

Requirements:

1. The article must have been published within the last year.
2. In addition to the article, two additional references must be consulted in order to gain greater information and insight into the topic. The one year requirement does not apply to the additional references
3. All scientific or medical terminology must be underlined and defined in a Glossary at the end of the report.
4. Your report must be prepared as a Word Document. Submit as an Attachment to an email.
5. Your report must include a bibliography. Use the APA (author-date citation) or the MLA system to cite all sources.
6. Your paper will be evaluated on the following criteria: depth of research and understanding, clarity of presentation, and conformity to proper format (1 to 5). See the Scoring Matrix.





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After reading this article.
-----------------
"Viruses could power devices

by Solmaz Barazesh
Week of April 05, 2009

New study could lead to more efficient, environmentally friendly batteries

A computer virus wont help your laptop work but a biological virus could. Tweaking their genes just so could engineer viruses for making the rechargeable lithium ion batteries that power devices such as laptops, iPods and cell phones, researchers report online April 2 in Science.



VIRUS FOR POWER. Viruses can be genetically programmed to first grow an iron phosphate shell, and then bind to carbon nanotubes (model shown). The resulting material is highly conductive, resulting in fast movement of ions and electrons through a lithium ion battery cathode. [Credit: George Fantner. Courtesy of AAAS/Science]
Add to 'My Saved Images'

In previous research, the same team used viruses to construct the negative electrode, or anode, of the battery. In the new work, the researchers engineered viruses for the positive electrode, or cathode. When the two are put together, the virus batteries should perform better than traditional lithium ion batteries and also be environmentally friendly, the team reports.

Because the viruses are living organisms, we had to use only water-based solvents, no high pressures and no high temperatures, says Angela Belcher, a materials scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and a study coauthor.

Lithium ion batteries store up and release electrical energy when lithium ions and electrons move between the anode and cathode. The cathode is often made of iron phosphate, a stable material that, when it reacts with lithium, has a high capacity to store energy. But its not a very good conductor. The movement of ions and electrons through the cathode is relatively slow, making the battery less efficient at releasing energy.

Ions and electrons can move through smaller particles more quickly. But fabricating nano-sized particles of iron phosphate is a difficult and expensive process, the researchers say.

So Belchers team let the virus do the work. By manipulating a gene of the M13 virus to make the viruses coat themselves in iron phosphate, the researchers created very small iron phosphate particles.

Were using a biological template thats already on the nanoscale, Belcher says.

Tweaking a second gene made one end of the virus bind to carbon nanotubes, which conduct energy well. The resulting network of iron phosphate-coated viruses and carbon nanotubes formed a highly conductive cathode, one that ions and electrons could move through quickly.

This work is an exciting breakthrough, comments battery chemist Kang Xu of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Md. Belcher is the first to use viruses as a nano-template to assemble materials.

Using different cathode materials could make the future batteries even better, Belcher says. This paper proved that the concept works.

References:

Lee, Y.J., et al. In press. Fabricating gentically engineered high-power lithium ion batteries using multiple virus genes. Science.
From Science News Web edition, April 2nd, 2009. Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2009. All rights reserved. sciencenews.org."
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Use the scholarly scientific article above and rewrite it for a popular audience. Notice that I use the word rewrite, not revise. You will reconstruct the basic argument and points of the article, but you will completely change the tone and style (and some content) to fit the new rhetorical situation. You should rewrite the article according to popular magazine article conventions and style. Remember that you are (hypothetically) writing your article for an actual magazine with an actual audience. As you write, you will want to construct the most persuasive argument possible for that particular target audience. You are free to add new (or more relevant) evidence, examples, applications, personal narratives, etc. that will appeal to your new audience.

As you rewrite and compose your argument, keep these questions in mind:
What is the purpose of the magazine article you want to write? What do you want to persuade your audience of? Why?
What magazine will this article appear in? Who is the audience for this magazine? Who is the specific audience for your article?
Thinking of the rhetorical features you encountered in the popular magazine article you read for class and in the documentary Planet Earth, what are some specific similar rhetorical strategies you want to use in your article to reach this audience? Why do you think these strategies will be effective?

-Read Dr. Martha Piper??s speech delivered to the Vancouver Board of Trade
-Write an essay detailing your reasons for either agreeing or disagreeing with her assertions, based on your personal experiences and expectations of a university education system.
??I would like to begin by thanking the Vancouver Board of Trade for inviting me to speak to you again today. Having been here just a year ago, I am pleased to have been invited back. It is always a privilege to address the Board, and I would like to acknowledge and thank Farris for their sponsorship of this event.
Although almost a month has elapsed since the closing ceremonies of the 2004 Olympics in Athens, we still feel disappointed when we consider the Canadian performance at this most celebrated of world athletics events. The more so, perhaps, when we contemplate the role we must play on the world stage, right here in Vancouver in 2010. Only a year ago Canada was profiled as a moose in sunglasses on the cover of the Economist. We were described as a country that was ??cool??. But, as the Globe and Mail so aptly stated, ??At the Athens Olympics, Canada has gone cold.?? What then does all of this mean? And what does this have to do with universities in 2010?
Analysts throughout the country have done their best to interpret the Canadian Olympic record. But in the end, let no excuses be heard. As the Globe noted: ??Medals do matter. Not in the fevered way they once mattered to the old East Bloc countries, desperate for legitimacy. And not because, having suddenly arrived as the moose in sunglasses, this country is anxious to stay in the spotlight a while. It matters because Canada should aspire to excellence, not only in athletics but also in the arts, medicine, science and education.??
It is that clarion call for ??excellence???Xexcellence in the arts, medicine, science, and education as well as in athletics?Xthat I would like to speak about today. I want to go beyond making what you might think a predictable pitch for higher education. I want to address a particular kind of education?Xan education that defines excellence in all that we do?Xan education that prepares our students to be true Olympians ?Xan education that creates outstanding citizens for ??Canada??s place in the world.??
As a guide in this discussion, I??d like to enlist the Right Honourable Lester B. Pearson. Few people contributed more to defining Canada in the 20th century than Lester Pearson, Nobel Peace Prize Winner ?V a man whose efforts helped to promote Canada??s worldwide reputation for integrity and moral leadership.
But more than a great statesman, Lester Pearson showed himself to be a man of prescient vision, a man who understood, long before the rest of us, how small the world had already become. In 1946?X58 years ago?XLester Pearson said this:
??Fear and suspicion engendered in Iran can easily spread to Great Bear Lake above the Arctic Circle in Canada and bedevil economic developments there. There is, now, no refuge in remoteness.??
No refuge then; certainly no refuge today; and most definitely no refuge in 2010.
Over the past several years, the foundation of what we believe constitutes a civil society has been shaken?Xproviding us with evidence that we indeed are not able to find refuge in our remoteness. The age of mega-terror that began three years ago on September 11, 2001 with an attack on the World Trade Centre, has moved on to Middle School No. 1 in Beslan, Russia. The murder of innocent children, coupled with events such as the spread of the SARS virus, and the Iraq War, all have underlined the fact that we are not isolated from world events that occur in far-off regions of the globe?Xthat our remoteness as a northern nation can neither protect nor isolate us from political or environmental threats that are geographically distant.
For the inescapable truth is that we all feel vulnerable, wherever we reside, to the kind of fear that is generated by the globalization of terror and the interconnectedness of our economies. What is clear is that the world has been contaminated by conflicts that arise from misunderstanding and mistrust, and is threatened by widespread and deepening political, social and economic disparities.
So what do we do? In the short term, whether it is by fighting a ??War on Terrorism,?? trying to secure our borders, or providing subsidies to protect our ??national interests,?? the powers that be have attempted to either cut out an infected part, or build barriers to protect us from the rest of the world.
What has now become clear, however, is that there must be another solution. If we are to live in one small, interconnected world, we must all assume and fulfill our responsibilities as citizens of that world. For we are not engaged in a conflict in the conventional sense. The opponent is not another country that can be defeated or held at arms?? length. The enemy is ignorance and intolerance; and what these produce is terror and revenge.
We are confronted by a battle in which a university, every university, must lead. The universities of the 21st century, Canadian universities in particular, must meet the challenge posed by ignorance and intolerance by assuming the leading role in educating the new ??global citizens??: that is, citizens who will understand the world in which we live, citizens who will ensure the survival of a civil society?Xa society in which all individuals, regardless of race, ethnicity, intellectual ability, or religious beliefs, can express themselves without fear, exercise their individual human rights and live in healthy, safe, respectful, and economically strong and trusting communities.
What then constitutes a global citizen? As I watched the 2004 Olympic games, I was reminded of the Greek philosopher Diogenes, who when asked where he came from, replied ??I am a citizen of the world.?? He meant by this that he refused to be defined simply by his local origins and group memberships; he argued that each of us dwells, in effect, in two communities?Xthe local community of our birth, and the broader community of human argument and aspiration.
It is these two communities coming together within an individual that I believe constitutes global citizenship; it is these two communities coming together that should inform the spirit of our efforts in 2010. Our goal must be to educate future global citizens who see themselves not simply as citizens of a local region but also as human beings bound to all other human beings by ties of common concern and mutual understanding.
And what if we don??t succeed in meeting this goal? What if we falter in our educational task, or choose other priorities? Why is it essential that universities move boldly in structuring their curriculums and learning environments to foster global citizenship?
Lester Pearson, in the 1950s, warned that humans were moving into ??an age when different civilizations will have to learn to live side by side in peaceful interchange, learning from each other, studying each other??s history and ideals and art and culture, mutually enriching each others?? lives. The alternative, in this overcrowded little world, is misunderstanding, tension, clash, and catastrophe.??
??Misunderstanding, tension, clash and catastrophe:?? While it may have taken us 50 years to understand Pearson??s advice, it is increasingly clear that we no longer have the luxury to wait another 50 years to act. The call for ??learning?? has never before been so compelling. The question now is not ??why?? but rather ??how.??
How do universities and a nation educate global citizens? This is a question that UBC is currently debating as we formulate our vision for 2010, which reads:
The University of British Columbia, aspiring to be one of the world??s best universities, will prepare students to become exceptional global citizens, promote the values of a civil and sustainable society, and conduct outstanding research to serve the people of British Columbia, Canada and the world.??
How shall we identify the knowledge and scholarship that will assist in both defining our Canadian identity and our role as global citizens?
As we grapple with the risks and rewards of global integration, we are challenged to define what it is to be ??Canadian.?? Whether we are speaking of our health-care system, multi-culturalism, Canadian sovereignty, or our role as the host nation for the Olympics in 2010, it is critical that we understand who we are and what we value. We must look to Canadian literature, history, political science and demography; Canadian film, theatre and music; Canadian sociology, geography, and aboriginal studies?V if we are to define a Canadian identity. We must identify what is the best of Canada and share it with the world.
But knowing who we are is not enough?Xwe must also have an understanding of the world that takes us beyond our own Canadian borders.
In thinking about identifying what is distinctively Canadian, I was struck by an article in last week??s Economist that suggested that if social policies were commodities Sweden would have a large surplus on its trade balance. This small nation of nine million people has already exported to Britain active labour market policies, a model for universal childcare and a merged prison and probation service. The Swedes?? success in such matters comes from having determined their own identity, recognized their own distinct strengths, and sharing those strengths with the world.
Thomas Friedman in his best selling book The Lexus and the Olive Tree makes the compelling case for global understanding through the synthesis of knowledge from a variety of perspectives.
He argues that today the traditional boundaries between six disciplines?Xpolitics, culture, technology, finance, national security and ecology?Xare disappearing when it comes to understanding global issues. Friedman equates it to putting on glasses and seeing the world in 6-D or six dimensions.
To be globally literate you have to learn how to synthesize information from each of these disparate perspectives to produce a picture of the world that you could never arrive at if you looked at it from a singular point of view. Simply put, you have to be creative, looking for solutions from a variety of perspectives and using every aspect of your consciousness to be innovative and ingenious.
Innovative and ingenious. The Hilton Hotel chain now offers a totally new type of room called a Creativity Suite. Designed to stimulate creativity, these suites come with sectional sofas that can be easily rearranged for impromptu meetings; they provide plasma screen televisions, a Home Entertainment System, an iMac computer and a full-body massage chair. One of the living-room walls is a chalkboard, and a selection of art supplies is part of each suite??s ??invention box??. The minibar has brain food?XSoy Crisps and energy-boosting Gingseng supplements. Even the shower features a writing board and grease pencils should inspiration strike mid-shampoo.
In many ways, these Suites represent the type of creative learning environment we need to be providing our students. We must encourage students to think creatively and to access and integrate information from a variety of sources. At UBC, the new Irving K. Barber Learning Centre will assist us in doing just that through its provision of the latest forms of learning technologies.
In the 20th century, graduates were expected to leave the university having acquired a command of one discipline; they were secure in the knowledge that with this one discipline they might pursue successful careers as a health professional in a local hospital, or as a financial analyst for a national bank.
But today the scope of practice is the planet Earth, and the global integration of technology, finance, trade, and information is occurring in a way that is influencing wages, interest rates, living standards, culture, job opportunities, wars, weather, environmental and human health all over the world. Our graduates must be able to think laterally and creatively, with an appreciation that the solutions to the most complex issues will come from the inter-connection and overlap of disciplines. For if we are to achieve a civil and sustainable society, rather than ??misunderstanding, tension, clash, and catastrophe,?? we must do as Pearson suggested?X??learning from each other, studying each other??s istory and ideals, art and culture???Xin order to live side-by-side in peaceful interchange.
Peaceful interchange. We prepare for war with energy and vigor?Xeven with intelligence?Xbecause it is a task we can easily grasp and understand. War is what??s left when all the subtlety and complexity has been stripped away from a disagreement among humans; when logic and persuasion seem of no more use. War is what happens when we use advanced knowledge to create and apply missile defense systems and military technologies.
Peace is much harder. Peace tests us. Peace demands tolerance, understanding, and forgiveness. Peace insists that we embrace complexity as we embrace the ideals and art and culture of those whose priorities seem a little different from our own.
Canadians have a long tradition of working for peace, through our role as peace-keepers for the U.N. Today, we have an opportunity to go one step further: to move beyond peace keeping and lead in peace preparation. And I believe that this preparation does indeed belong with and begin in our educational institutions, with universities showing the way.
How should we as a nation support this critical educational effort to promote peace? Let me suggest a two-pronged approach. First, I believe that Canadian governments at every level should increase their support for the kind of research and scholarship that will help inform the public policy and develop the social programs upon which a civil society is built?Xresearch and scholarship that will help Canadians prepare for peace. While university research was deployed in the ??50s and ??60s to form the basis of many military and aerospace advances, university research in the 21st century must focus its efforts and resources on preparing for peace.
Governments must be prepared to invest in such a program. My model here is health research, where the argument has been advanced that a minimum of 1% of the investment made in health expenditures should be invested in health research. Correspondingly, I would suggest that 1% of all public expenditures on ??civil society?? programs be invested in research in the human sciences. Consider the amounts currently invested in social welfare, the corrections system, national defense, foreign affairs, immigration, heritage and culture, and Indian and Northern Affairs, to name a few broad areas. Why would we not consider investing a minimum of 1% of those expenditures into research that would permit us to better understand the values that underpin civility, tolerance, human rights, democracy, and peace?
Second, we need to contemplate a significant role for the federal government in post-secondary education. It is well nderstood that a sound education is the foundation for a strong and prosperous society. But if universities in the 21st century are to educate global citizens, individuals who are able to define Canada??s place in the world, graduates who are active participants in peace preparation, citizens who understand that there is no refuge in our remoteness, then we need to revisit the role of the Canadian government in post-secondary education.
As Jeffrey Simpson pointed out in last week??s Globe and Mail, our future lies in education, and the time has come for the federal government to recognize its legitimate role in funding post-secondary education. While the federal government has always had a role in the funding of university research, it now needs to consider a role in the funding of instruction?Xfunding that goes beyond the provincial mandates and jurisdiction?Xfunding that will address the need to develop and foster curriculums that will result in the education of globally literate and creative Canadians from
Newfoundland to Vancouver Island. Without such an initiative, our efforts to create a sustainable society and prepare for peace will be sporadic at best and non-existent at worse. This to my mind is what is meant by ??Canada??s place in the world??: such a concept goes far beyond diplomacy or foreign aid, it extends beyond international exchanges, summits, or hosting Olympic games for that matter?Xit goes to Canada??s education of future generations of global citizens committed to the preparation of peace and the sustainability of the whole world.
Today, despite criticism of our performance in the Olympic Games of 2004, it is fair to suggest that Canada is still one of the most admired middle powers in the world. But if we look beyond Athens and review the challenges we face both at home and abroad?Xthe environmental threat of climate change; globalization of our economy though outsourcing; the need to review our immigration policies to meet our future labour needs; the political threat of international terrorism; the war in Iraq and possible participation in a missile defense system?Xit is clear that now is the time to revisit our nation??s vision of a civil society and our commitment to global learning.
Last year, in a study conducted by the European Commission, UBC ranked 35th among the top 500 universities in the world. Clearly a remarkable achievement. What is obvious is that we Canadians have the excellence, the scope, depth and diversity to take our place in the world. All we need now is the commitment of our nation, the determination to contribute, and the strength and courage associated with all great Olympians. For truly, British Columbians and Canadians can make a winning difference.
Thank you. ??

For this paper I have 3 questions that need to be answered. For every question i need about 500 words and could you label the answers in the following order of the questions?

1)A market system is characterized by competition, freedom of enterprise, and choice. Our market system, whish is also called a capitalist system, is the economic system that dominates the planet Earth today. Please identify which, in your opinion, are the main problems that the market system is facing in the 21st century.

2)In the antitrust case against Microsoft the federal government has attempted to demonstrate that Microsoft has engaged in a broad pattern of unlawful conduct with the purpose and effect of thwarting emerging threats to its powerful and well-entrenched operating system monopoly. The federal government believes that three main facts indicate that Microsoft enjoys monopoly power. First, Microsoft's share of the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems is extremely large and stable. Second, Microsoft's dominant market share is protected by a high barrier to entry. Third, and largely as a result of that barrier, Microsoft's customers lack a commercially viable alternative to Windows.
Please evaluate the Microsoft case. Is Microsoft a monopoly?
The federal government maintains that Microsoft's monopolistic practices are harmful to United States citizens, creating higher prices and potentially downgrading software quality, and should therefore be stopped, while Microsoft and its supporters claim that they are not breaking any laws, and are just doing good business. The only thing Microsoft is guilty of is taking advantage of free enterprise.


3)It is a known fact that for the last 25 years the "rich have become richer and the poor have become poorer" not only in the United States but in the entire world.
In my opinion the Distribution of Income and Wealth is the most important economic issue that our global society is facing in the 21st century.
The main policy issue concerning income inequality is how much is necessary and justified. While there is no general agreement on what is a "fair" distribution of income, please explain your position regarding economic inequalities.

This summer, I'm going to be generous and offer an extra credit essay that is easier than the normal one I offer.


Why? Because I think the potential for a false flag attack at the London Olympics is worth researching. Okay, so here's the deal. You can write a paper that is the same length as the normal extra credit assignment that is explained in the Extra Credit Unit. Go and read the introduction, and then if you would rather write about the potential for a false flag attack at the London Olympics in order to galvanize the western world against yet another fake terrorist threat, then this paper is for you.

Keep in mind the following points if you choose to write the extra credit paper on the London Olympics instead of Harry Potter, Lolita, Dracula, The DaVinci Code, or any of the other approved novels. Your thesis must do more than simply state the Olympics are a likely target for a staged event designed by NWO interests, in much the same way 9/11 was strategized.

Your thesis should indicate WHY you think the London Olympics are a likely target AND THEN provide circumstantial evidence that points to the possibility that such an event has been in the works for quite some time, possibly even since the 7/7 attacks in London, which happened immediately after London as the Olympic site for 2012 was announced.

In addition to a thesis, you must include at least THREE independent journalism sources, along with one mainstream source, complete with in-text citations and a Works Cited at the end of the essay.






OPTIONAL READING ON THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING IRAN'S BOYCOTT OF THE LONDON OLYMPICS AND THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND AND GERMANY IN RELATION TO THE MODERN OLYMPIC GAMES.
Note: This information can be used if you chose to write the extra credit essay on the likelihood of a terrorist attack at the London Olympics. This is only one of several possible topics for the Extra Credit Essay in WR 122.

No Mainstream Western Newspapers Will Show the Logo Spelling the Word "Zion," however much they writing about it
http://theweek.com/article/index/212682/zion-lisa-simpson-and-3-other-things-the-london-olympics-logo-resembles


Here is What Iran's Leadership Sees in the Logo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYnk8SSH7w0


The logo for this year's Olympiad caused Iran to withdraw from the Olympics. Ahmadinejad (the president of Iran) believes the logo is an anagram for the word "Zion." For this reason, Iran has banned the London Olympics and will not send any athletes or emissaries to attend. Iran currently has no foreign embassy in England or in the USA. If a terrorist attack takes place at the Olympics, it is quite probable that Iranians will be blamed for the attacks, and the attacks will be used to launch an offensive military operation against Iran.

Article on US Military Build-up in the Persian Gulf
http://rt.com/usa/news/war-sub-drone-iran-066/

The latest (30th) Olympiad is being hosted by England in London. Prince William is 30 years old. William was born on the summer solstice, a very important date for The Illuminati (and, by extension, the German Nazis, a contrived experiment in brainwashing an entire nation, which was most likely conceived, planned, and implemented by the Illuminati using a wide variety of techniques pioneered at the Tavistock Institute in England). William's grandfather, Philip, was raised in Nazi Germany and has many racist Nazi ideas that have embarrassed the monarchy from time to time. The royal family of England is more German than English. In fact, prior to WWI, the British Royal family was called the House of Hanover (German Dynasty). Even the name "Windsor" is fake. The real name of the British "royal" family is Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Be this as it may, the Queen of England quietly but publicly traces her family tree to Abraham, the famous Hebrew patriarch of olde, as does the majority of the House of Lords (even more quietly).


The apparent conflict between two diametrically opposing familial backgrounds (so-called "Aryan" and Hebrew) can be easily put into perspective when one realizes that both of them are quite probably facile when it comes to the British Monarchy and Aristocracy, maintained as convenient masks of what lies beneath, which is dramatically different from the public image that has been created by the media of the 20th Century, the skillful shaping of mass public consciousness since the time of King James, and contrived traditions invented by clever forerunners to today's "social scientists" who work for the Illuminati (which is Mithras-based, rather than subscribing to any religious tenets of Judaism, Christianity or Islam).


By the way, the name "Iran" comes from the word "Aryan." Few Americans know this fact, but Iranians are well aware of it, since their country is quite homogenous, culturally speaking, and the Persian empire is believed to have originated from Aryan forefathers of olde, which are supposed to have fought and conquered their way across Europe and the Middle East, all the way to India, thousands upon thousands of years ago.


The torch ceremony, which opens the Olympics, was never performed at any Greek olympiad historically (see the BBC video below). Rather, it is a Nazi "Aryan" ceremony, and figured prominently into the highly nostalgic, symbolic, and ceremony-driven mass brainwashing of the Third Reich upon its citizenry, which were conditioned for two adult generations prior to the outbreak of WWII, with one generation that was raised from birth with extremely intense exposure to Naziism (based upon pseudo-scientific theories about "Aryan" ancestry, much of which came from Charles Darwin's second book, The Descent of Man), and through required membership in organizations such as Hitler Youth (Joy Division), which were like mandatory Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts mixed with intense group brainwashing and trauma-based mind control to indoctrinate German children from a very young age.


Historically, the Olympics have been scheduled to take place in England four times. In 1944, the games were cancelled due to WWII. Japan was to host the next Olympic games, but the Games were cancelled due to WWII. The Olympics were scheduled to take place twice in Germany. In 1916, the first time, the games were cancelled due to WWI. During the second games (in 1936), Germany was only two years away from invading Poland and starting WWII (before the next scheduled olympic games, which were to take place in Tokyo). Keep in mind that Olympic host countries are determined over a decade ahead of time, and sometimes longer. It is interesting to note which countries were scheduled to host the games when the only two world wars in the history of Planet Earth broke out: namely, the primary countries that escalated and fought world wars.


At the Games in London, three nations will be providing "UN" security: England, the US, and Germany. CBS News reports that the US and UK have just combined to "defend" against terrorism at the London Olympics. Alex Jones has reported that security at the London Olympics is the most expensive in the history of the games, and the least efficient, leaving enormous holes for potential terrorist attackers to manipulate. If a terrorist attack is used as a provocation to invade Iran, can you guess which countries will play a primary role in the invasion of Iran? How about England, Germany, the US, and Israel? As the US did prior to 9/11's false flag attack, which was used to justify invading Afghanistan (the war was planned over a decade before the US declared war on "Al Qaeda" in Afghanistan), troops, plans, and equipment have already been mobilized to attack Iran and to fight a war with Iran: See this article on the military build-up in the Persian Gulf, which the US media is largely ignoring. Indeed, the pomp and circumstance in the media regarding the "need" to attack Iran has been steadily brainwashing the American public in waves over the past three years.

Video on Nazi Origins of the Olympic Torch Ceremony
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdbLVOFnhrY

BTW: the glittering golden statue of Prometheus in this BBC video is at Rockefeller Plaza in New York City. The Rockefellers are notorious for being tied directly to Illuminati interests. The Greek legend of Prometheus bringing fire to humanity (knowledge) has a dual meaning to the Illuminati, standing for the ability to rise up above "good and evil" in a psychopathic mindset that disdains right and wrong (universally accepted morals) as limited and weak. The light of the Illuminati also has close associations with the (deluded) idea that interdimensional beings of great power can be petitioned through select bloodlines that allow people to be "possessed" by these otherworldly agencies. It is quite probable that Nazi Germany was the pet creation of Illuminati business interests, which have always been managed by sociopaths who conduct human sacrifices in secret, and hold Christianity, Judaism, and Islam equally in disdain, while masquerading in public as devout members of one of these religions.

US Media Clips Endorcing A New World Order
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gorG2XYYZno

In this way, pretend loyalties to countries, races, and religions are a sham designed to fool the general public, and pit nations, peoples, and members of certain religious faiths against each other in order to consolidate money and power into fewer and fewer hands. In my opinion, the leaders of Iran, the US, Germany, and England all work for the Illuminati behind the scenes. After you read Confessions of an Economic Hitman, you will see just how likely it is that Iran's president is a puppet of the Illuminati, and is actually working to facilitate a war between the West and the Middle East in order to usher in the New World Order.

"The world can therefore seize the opportunity [Persian Gulf crisis] to fulfill the long-held promise of a New World Order where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind." --George Herbert Walker Bush (During his Presidency)

Roosevelt's Speech About Hitler's New World Order
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxHTkXjx6wc

It is interesting to note that Hitler used the very same techniques in his speeches. For instance, in 1941, he called the treaties that caused Germany to plunge into galloping inflation after WWI, "dogma of the new world," which caused "political enslavement and economic impotence."

Back in the mid-20th Century, each warring side called the other servants of [THE] "New World Order." However, it's worth noting that Woodrow Wilson used the phrase decades before Roosevelt and Hitler insulted each other's nations by calling them servants of an emerging "New World Order."

Today, the opposite is true. Each side perfers to call itself champions of [A] "New World Order." In fact, according to the Wikipedia entry on New World Order, "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the President of Iran has called for a new world order based on new ideas, saying the era of tyranny has come to a dead-end. In an exclusive interview with Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), Ahmadinejad noted that it is time to propose new ideologies for running the world." It's interesting to note that Wiki subdivides its entries on New World Order into several subsections. One of which concerns "conspiracy theories," while the rest claim to be the real deal. Here is comedian George Carlin commenting about his thoughts on the subject: "The Real Owners" of America.

This week we begin our discussion of Russian history, politics, sociology, and economics. Each week, we will cover a topic vital to understanding Russia today. The first article is a 2003 article discusses the relevance of modern Russia. Identify and discuss three points the author identifies that you were not aware of prior to reading this article.

Title: ?Does Russia Matter??

By Paul E. Richardson

Publication: Russian Life

Date: Nov/Dec 2003

In a report on the September 2003 Camp David summit between Vladimir Putin and George Bush, TV journalist Ray Suarez, on The PBS Newshour, asked his guest a question being posed with increasing regularity: "Does Russia matter?"

The guest's all-too-obvious reply was, essentially, "Yes, of course Russia matters, but just not like it used to and only on a certain range of issues [e.g. nuclear proliferation, combatting terror]."

I hate obvious answers. They're so ... obvious.

The truth is, Russia has never mattered to US policymakers. What has mattered has been "what damage could Russia do to us," or "what detente or friendship with Russia can get us." Realpolitik is object oriented and very utilitarian. Other states or nations matter only insofar as they either threaten or ensure our military or economic security. So, since today (versus 20 years ago), Russia threatens us less, it matters less.

Here's a radical concept: it's not about us.

Russia's significance in the world is huge, and will remain huge. Here are a dozen or so reasons why:

1. Russia occupies more land on Planet Earth than any other single country. Put another way, Russians have about three times more land per capita than Americans. Therefore, what Russia and Russians choose to do with that land (say, deforest it or protect it -- see #5 below) has huge impact for the rest of the world.

2. "Sure, Russia is huge geographically, but its population is "just" 145 million and falling," you say. "That's just over half the US population and a fraction of that of India or China." Point taken. But let's look at this the other way around. How many countries are there in the world that have more people in them than Russia? There must be dozens, right? Nope. Just six. They are: China, India, the US, Indonesia, Brazil and Pakistan. Bangladesh and Nigeria are closing fast. But Russia is 7th in the world, ranked by population.

3. We could also look at this linguistically: Russian is currently the fifth most widely-spoken language in the world, behind Chinese, English, Hindustani and Spanish. Arabic is 6th and French, that darling of high school language study, is 10th. Interestingly, of the top five world languages, Spanish is the only one other than English that is taught widely in American high schools (OK, we could debate whether English is actually taught in our high schools, but that's a separate editorial). There are also just five official languages of the UN: English, French, Chinese, Spanish ... and Russian.

4. It is said that, in this century, fresh water will become humankind's most important resource. Best estimates are that Russia owns about 25% of the world's fresh water (see #1 above), and it is already exporting it to countries that do not have enough. "When the oil runs out," one Russian government official recently said, "we will export water."

5. Some 70% of Russia is forested and 22% of the world's forests are in Russia. As such, Russia -- which has been called the "lungs of Europe" -- is second only to the Amazon in the amount of carbon dioxide it absorbs. 15% of all the carbon dioxide in the world is absorbed here. See #1 above.

6. Russia is a scientific powerhouse, as demonstrated again this fall when a Russian and a Russian-American shared the Nobel Prize in physics with an American, for inventing a little thing they called "super-conductivity." Among other things, we owe a debt to Russian scientists for the invention of television, helicopters and the Periodic Table (OK, maybe just for the last two).

7. Russia has made immense contributions to world literature. "Oh, you could say that about any country," you say. Ok, then try this test on a friend (or yourself). Ask them to "Name three Russian authors." Then, after that is answered easily with the likes of Tolstoy, Chekhov, Turgenev, Brodsky, Pushkin, Bunin, Solzhenitsyn, etc., ask: "Now name three Chinese (or Indian or German or Iraqi) authors."

8. Is it possible to think of theater today without the influence of Chekhov and Stanislavsky?

9. Likewise, Russia has had a hugely disproportionate influence on the world of music. Considering what classical music would be like without Tchaikovsky is a bit like thinking about it in the absence of Beethoven or Bach. But then there is a huge pantheon of other "first-rank" composers, from Mussorgsky and Liadov to Prokofiev, Rakhmaninov, Shostakovich, Stravinsky and on and on. And then there are the performers, from Horowitz to Pletnev, from Rachmaninov to Lugansky -- and those are just the pianists!

10. What about art? Well, admittedly, Russia has not made as many contributions to world culture in this regard, but much of that might be attributable to politics. In the early 20th century, Russia was a buzzing hub of the avant garde and its artists were doing amazing things in everything from book illustration to sculpture to animation. It could well be argued that, without the stultifying effects of Socialist Realism (which nonetheless produced some fine works of art), Russian artists would have been leading forces in the 20th modern art movements. Nonetheless, who can argue that Kandinsky, Malevich, Chagall, Aivazovsky, Repin, Serov and the Itinerants have made important contributions to World Culture?

11. And of course there is the importance of Russian film: Eisenstein, Tarkovsky and Sokurov are important international filmmakers, and of course there are also Bondarchuk, Alexandrov, Lounguine, Mikhalkov, Chukhrai, Daniela, Vertov and all the masterful artists of Russian and Soviet animation.

12. Russia is one of only 5 countries that has veto power at the UN.

13. It was Russia (then in the larger guise of the Soviet Union) that defeated Hitler.

14. Until October 2003, only two nations had put humans into outer space: the US and Russia. And Russia has more experience than any other nation in long-term space habitation, vital for the next stage of space exploration.

15. And now, a dozen reasons later, we get to nuclear weapons. According to the NRDC, Russia has about 5,200 strategic nuclear warheads and 8,500 stockpiled warheads. That is down considerably from the 12,000 or so strategic warheads (and 35,000+ stockpiled) of the mid-1980s, but it is still hugely important (i.e. "it matters"). The US has about 8600, with some 10,500 stockpiled.

16. Russia is lingua franca for much of Central Asia which, needless to say, is a vital geopolitical region.

17. 20% of the world's known oil reserves are in Russia. Russia currently supplies the US with 4% of its oil.

18. Western Europe currently depends on Russia for 28% of its gas supplies; Germany alone depends on Russia for 12% of its natural gas and 18% of its oil.

19. Russia contains the world's largest oil and natural gas reserves, the largest diamond reserves, and the second largest coal reserves. Nearly a third of all tin and iron ores are in Russia, as are over 40% of all platinum group minerals and over a third of all nickel reserves.

Argumentative Paper

Below is a list of potential topics.
This set of topics and the topics on the grading forum have all been tested over time and can be successfully argued from different perspectives. Thus you need to choose a topic where you can see at least two points of view and present both points. You will have your own opinion and need to present that in Part III of your argument. If you feel so strongly about a topic that you cannot see another point of view, avoid writing about it.

Suggested Topics
o Should abortions be legal?
o Are Affirmative Action laws fair?
o Should America have stronger Gun Control laws?
o Should assisted suicide be legal?
o Are charter schools/vouchers detrimental to the American educational system?
o Should the death penalty be abolished?
o Should homosexuals be allowed to legally marry?
o Should homosexuals be allowed to be Christian ministers/pastors?
o Should animals be used in medical research?
o Is global warming a genuine threat to the planet earth?
o Should human cloning be legal?
o Should embryonic stem cell research be federally funded?

Select one of the above issues and construct a six-to eight-page argument in which you use the following format. Your paper will have three parts: Thesis, Anti-thesis, and Synthesis.

1. Mark each section clearly with a section header.
2. The sources used in the two sections may overlap and need not be completely different.
3. No orphan sources: if a source is in the reference list, it must be quoted in the text, either a direct quote
or paraphrased; if a source is quoted in the text, it must be in the reference list.
4. Popular websites such as Wikipedia are not considered suitable as academic sources.
5. You are to use the Ashford online library databases for your academic resources.
6. If you do want to use articles from the Web, start with Google Scholar.

Part I: Thesis
Part I is your thesis. Write a short essay (two-to three- pages) taking one side or the other on the issue you select. You want to state very clearly the reasons you are taking the position you take, but you dont have to defend it thoroughly (thats what Part III is for).

Part II: Anti-thesis
Part II is the anti-thesis. Write a critical analysis in reply (two-to three- pages) to your essay in Part I by imagining that you oppose what the writer of Part I has stated. Careful reasoning is required. YOU MUST USE AT LEAST 3-5 academic/scholarly sources in the formation of this section. Remember that you are playing the devils advocate, but what every student must realize is that a sound critical thinker can argue any side of an argument because he/she is diligent and flexible in his/her thinking.

Part III: Synthesis
Part III is the synthesis (about two pages). Revisit Part I and, taking into account all the criticisms of Part II, write a thorough defense of your position. Again, like Part II, you must use at least 3-5 academic/scholarly sources in the formation of this section.

Writing the Argumentative Paper
The Argumentative Paper:
o Must be six-to eight-double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style as outlined in
the approved style guide.
o Must include a title page (in addition to the six-to eight- content pages) that includes the following in
sequence:

? Title of paper
? Students name
? Course name
? Instructors name
? Date submitted

o Must include an introductory paragraph with a succinct thesis statement.
o Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
o Must conclude with a restatement of the thesis and a conclusion paragraph.
o Must use APA style as outlined in the approved APA style guide to document all sources.
o Must include a Reference page (in addition to the six-to eight-content pages) that is completed according to APA style as outlined in the approved style guide.
Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

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Customer is requesting that (billieplus3) completes this order.

Please write a Comparative Essay on the Original Creation of the Earth (The Big Bang vs. Six-Day Creation) please favor the side of the six day creation

please favor the side of the six day creation

One of these additional sources must be from an old-earth perspective and the other from a young-earth perspective.

Content:
In general, your paper should contain an introductory paragraph, the body of your work, and a conclusion. In terms of the body, the following items should be discussed:
1. The Old-Earth viewpoint related to your topic.
2. The Young-Earth viewpoint related to your topic.
3. Compare and contrast these two viewpoints. How are the two viewpoints similar? How do they differ significantly?

Outline:
Use the following outline when writing your paper. Each point on the below outline should be a separate section (with a section heading) within your paper. You will notice that these section headings correspond to the content points above.
I. Introduction
II. Old-Earth View
III. Young-Earth View
IV. Compare and Contrast
V. Conclusion

Format: You must use APA formatting. Papers should be double-spaced with 1-inch margins all around. Font is to be Courier New or Times New Roman, 12-point. Please include a cover sheet with your name, instructors name, course number and title, date, and paper title. There is no need to include an abstract in your paper

Sources: Your Comparative Essay must include at least 2 literature sources, not including the course textbooks. One of these additional sources must be from an old-earth perspective and the other from a young-earth perspective. Sources should be journal articles, manuscripts, scholarly textbooks, and/or internet sites from .edu or .gov sources. Avoid internet sites from .com, .net, .org, etc. sources, as the information contained therein are not often peer reviewed. Also, Study Bibles are not appropriate for this assignment. List all of your sources in a bibliography at the end of the paper.

Citation: Please be sure to cite your sources in the body of your paper using proper APA formatting.

no Plagiarism