Hi,

The two questions to be answered are below. I have also provided links to the sources that must be used. Please do not use any other sources. Thank you.

1. Is legal marriage reform essential to the social advancement of historically oppressed groups (African Americans, women, the lgbt community, religious minorities--Mormons, Muslims...)?

2. Which forms of marriage should be legally banned (e.g., child marriage, involuntary marriage, inegalitarian marriage, plural marriage, "incest" marriage..), and why?


Source links are below:
http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml (Article 16)
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/righttomarry.htm
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/ss_web_codes/supreme_court_cases/reynolds.html
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/reynoldsvus.html
http://www.enotes.com/reynolds-v-united-states-reference/reynolds-v-united-states-299512
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/14/opinion/14wed4.html
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10889047
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/faheem-younus/why-ban-cousin-marriages_b_2567162.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/26/garden/26cousins.html
http://www.cousincouples.com/?page=states
http://listverse.com/2008/07/20/10-famous-people-who-married-their-cousins/
http://www.lambdalegal.org/publications/nationwide-status-same-sex-relationships
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/15/us/adultery-an-ancient-crime-still-on-many-books.html?smid=pl-share

Directions: Please read first the environmental justice case entitled, South Fork Band Council of Western Shoshone of Nevada v. US Department of Interior.

Formulate an opinion concerning the judge's ruling. Prepare a response to stakeholders in which you explain whether or not you agree with the ruling and why.

The completed environmental justice case evaluation must include the following information:

A. Detailed background history of the case

B. Identification of the environmental law or policy cited in the case

C. Identification of the scope and specific requirements of the law in the case

D. Description of the position and arguments of the plaintiff(s)

E. Description of the position and arguments of the defendant(s)

F. Description of the final decision of the judge and the justification for the decision

G. Statement of whether you agree or disagree with the decision (support your response with specific legal examples and information you found in your research)


Your response should be no less than 5 double-spaced pages, excluding the references page (containing full citations of all at least three (3) sources used in APA format). Extensive quotes will not count toward the required length of the response and should be avoided.

There are faxes for this order.

Customer is requesting that (lrfreelancer) completes this order.

Please write a research essay to include:

pages 1-2) Using Jon Gjerde's book, "Major Problems in American Immigration and Ethnic History" and Stephen meyer's essay of "Efforts at Americanization in the Industrial Workplace, 1914-1921"on page 323 of Jon Gjerde's Book(Major problems in american Immigration and Ethnic History,1998) Looking at the documents of Gjerde, chapter 10, and the articleby Stephen Meyer on the "Americanization Program" at the Ford Company, compare and contrast how Progressive Era Americans from different backgrounds defined what being an American actually should entail. Which definition seems to be the most beneficial to the country, and for what reasons?

pages 3-4) Using Gjerde's " Major Problems in American Immigration and ethnic History, Takaki's "A different Mirror" Explain why did so many European immigrants return to their home country after immigrating to the United states. Compare and contrast their reasons, and discuss what these immigrants imply for conditions in American Society at the time.

pages5-6) What were the changes in family roles that happened in immigrant families in the new american urban environment? were these changes on the whole positive or negative for the affected individuals and their families, and for american society at large?

pages 7-8) Looking at the number of immigrants by region of the world from 1925 to 1981 and 1982 to 2005, as noted in the 2005 yearbook of immigration staistics, and at the number of asylees and refugees arrived and granted asylum, and deported aliens. From which regions and countriesin the world do most recent and new americans come from, and in what proportion? Quantify the changes? What political and social reasons could be the reason for such for such changes? What impact might these changes in immigrant origins have on american society and culture?

pages 9-10) Describe efforts of blacks and other americans to challenge both the legal and customary forms of segregation and discrimination in the united states after 1945, and the process of dismantling legal segregation and discrimination by 1967. Discuss whether the united states, at the federal level, have abolished segregation without the need to win the Cold War.

pages 11-12) Ronald Takaki stresses that the change affecting american society now is momentous-the passing of an america in which being white was the norm, and non-whites were minorities, to one where whites are only one of several major ethnic/racial groups, but will such racial divisions be enduring? Discuss the impact that such a development has on american culture and also discuss the potential future of american society in the light of long-term trends in american history.

You can use up to six sources, but please include these textbooks as 3 of the sources:

1)John Gjerde, Major Problems in American Immigration and Ethnic History, 1998
2) Ronald Takaki, A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America, 2008
3) Hasia Diner, Erin's Daughter's In America, 1983
4) and also Stephen meyer's Essay of "Efforts at Americanization in the Industrial Workplace, 1914-1921"

Please read Volume C Introduction along with all the materials I will provide for you. Your task is to carefully read the readings and SELECT (5) authors from any of the readings and explain how their work in particular shaped and characterized America/ns at that time.

Write distinct, focused paragraphs that begin with a clear claim about the significance of your selections as representative of America/ns followed by supporting quoted evidence from the texts and sources that you use.

You will focus on the issues, attitudes, values, debates, definitions, and experiences that the authors present in their work. You will select and summarize key issues, values, debates, definitions and characteristics that shaped American and the American experience during the period of 1865-1914. You will incorporate research of relevant historical contexts such as treaties, legislation, U.S policy, historical events, and biographical information.

Additional expectations include: distinct claims about the significance of your selections as representative of America/ns, focused paragraphs that contain supporting evidence from the texts I will provide to you and from your research; a clear conclusion that summarizes the essence of this period in American Literature; and MLA style for the format of you paper, for the Works Cited, and all citations from the texts and your research.

Use one regular double space between ALL lines of your paper and use 1-inch margins all the way around the text. Use Times New Roman 12 font.

Only use the materials and readings I have provided as quoted evidence in your paper and sources for your Works Cited page.

Include a title for the paper.

Cost-Benefit Analysis for Gun Laws

This assignment asks to look at cost-benefit analysis. Cost-benefit analysis is often seen as a tool that addresses areas of policy that are of a tangible nature. In what ways, though, does cost-benefit analysis examine those areas of policy that are in tangible?

Use the government sites or a peer-reviewed journal to identify a particular study or studies wherein cost-benefit analysis is applied to a particular policy area. Use the study or studies to support the analysis of cost-benefit analysis, paying particular attention to how it functions with both tangible and intangible areas of policy.

Assignment must include:

1. Evaluates the specific application of cost-benefit analysis in terms of tangible and intangible areas of the policy.

2. Evaluates cost-benefit analysis in terms of its ability to identify and address equity and policy-making; applies this evaluation to broader analysis and recommendations.

3. Use examples of public policy analysis to illustrate the features of specific analytical methods and tools; discusses and explains the significance to policy analysis of these features.

The requirements for this assignment include:
Length of paper: 5 typed, double-spaced pages.
Font and font size: Ariel, 12 point.

Discuss the core interests and goals of American foreign policymakers regarding security policy. Through what means should the U.S. pursue them? Is the promotion of democracy and human rights in Americas security interest? If so, why? If not, why not? After defining the goals, interests, and means, apply your answer to the following regions: Asia and Latin America.

This assigment is for hop head
analyze one or multiple artifacts from the subculture Americans In Muslim countries. An artifact is anything another person can observe, read, hear, or experience. Artifacts can be actual objects used or worn by the members of a group or the locations (buildings, parks, bars) where the group spends time. Artifacts can also be television shows, films, books, magazines, web sites, songs, blogs, YouTube videos, online discussion boards, etc. related to your group.

First you will describe the artifact then explain what it reveals about members of the group or how it points to a specific phenomenon in the group. Some questions you might ask about the artifact are as follows:
What is the artifact youve chosen?
When was the artifact created? Why? Who is responsible for its creation?
What important historical moments produced or are related to your
artifact?
What is the history of the person/people that produced or used the artifact?
How has the group or subculture changed over time because of the artifact's influence?
What does the artifact say about the values or beliefs of the culture now or at that time it was produced?

Note: In the (extremely rare) case that your group has no artifacts as defined above, then your task will be to find an article about your group/issue, summarize its main points, and give a critique of how the article deals with or relates to the issue you are researching.

As a new Representative in the U.S. House of Representatives, you introduce a major policy change which you want enacted into law. In support of your proposed bill you will write a paper of 3-4 pages for submission to the full House. Your paper will describe all of the benefits of the new policy and will attempt to persuade your colleagues to vote favorably.

I will need a (3) three-page essay on the topic below for my AMERICAN GOVERNMENT course.

Please follow exact descriptions, answering each part thoroughly.
There is also a scoring rubric on how this essay will be graded.


ESSAY DESCRIPTION:

In this assignment, answer the following questions in a five to six paragraph essay. Make sure you address each question completely.

1. Research the current party platform of the National Republican Party. Where does it stand on the major issues such as homeland security, the economy, health care and Social Security? Be sure to discuss the party's position on these major issues.

2. Research the current party platform of the Democratic Party. Where does it stand on the major issues such as homeland security, the economy, health care and Social Security? Be sure to discuss the party's position on these major issues.

3. Which party will you most likely affiliate yourself with when you register to vote? Explain in at least TWO paragraphs which political party you would choose. What factors most influence your decision? Why would you NOT want to join the other party?

4. Write at least ONE paragraph stating your thoughts on what the political system would be like if there were NO political parties. How might this affect the way people vote? How might this affect the way legislation is passed? How would primaries be conducted? How might politicians campaign differently and how might this affect the work of lobbyists? There is no right or wrong answer, but you must state your opinion and then give good reasons to support why you would make your choice.




How your Essay will be evaluated:

RUBRIC POINTS

Student provides discussion of the National Republican Party and where it stands on the issues of homeland security, economy, health care and Social Security. 20

Student provides discussion of the Democratic Party and where it stands on the issues of homeland security, the economy, health care and Social Security. 20

Student provides discussion (in at least TWO paragraphs) which party he/she will most likely choose to join and provides at least two reasons why he/she will probably join this party. 20

Student provides discussion citing at least two reasons why he/she will probably not join the other political party. 10

Student provides discussion on what he/she thinks the political system would be like if there were no political parties. 20

Spelling 3
Sentence construction 3
Essay construction 4

TOTAL 100 PTS


Customer is requesting that (Writergrrl101) completes this order.

This a two page report, they are calling background paper.
The topic is Domains of Culture
The subject is American Economic Culture from 2000 on.
The two catagories within American Economic Culture will be Production and exchange.

Please let me know if you have questions

The source for these questions in the movie Philadelphia.

1. How would you describe the ethical dilemma confronted by the managers at the law firm?
2. Are the managers at Wyant & Wheeler justified in firing Andrew? What set of criteria
would you use to arrive at this decision?
3. How is the fact that Andrew concealed his illness relevant to the case?
4. Is Joe morally obliged to accept Andrew's case?
5. Why do you think that Joe finally accepts the case?
6. If you witnessed an instance of discrimination, would you intervene? What would inform
your decision?
7. Are we ethically entitled to interpret the experience of others?
8. How does our interpretation alter the experience of others?
9. What are the consequences of believing or not believing these experiences?

Choose from the list of the ten areas with some "example" paper topics for each. The bulk of each paper should as current as possible, relying on material written within the last decade (a minimum of 10 sources should be cited using a standard reference format). Dont rely on just internet sources - go to academic journals and books if possible. I do Check sources!

1- An assessment of the current state of the Republican or Democratic Parties wither nationally or in Kansas (Divisions within the coalation: The State of the Kansas Republican Party or The National Republican Party Who if Anyone. Speaks for the Party?) The 2010 Elections: Democratic Rejections or Republican Mandate? The Tea Party and the 2010 Elections

2- Ethnic or group influences on the campaigns and elections in 2008 (Black in 2008 or The Gender Issue in the 2008 Primaries and General Election)

3- Changing American Political values (Is America Ready for a Woman President?, Young Voters and the Parties in 2008, Is Liberalism Really Dead?).

4- Political Reform and its Impact (How has the New Campaign Finance Law Affected the Major Parties?, Third Parties and Campaign Finance, Changing the Electoral College and Its Party Impact, Parties Without Soft Money, BCRA and Interest Groups in Campaigns, Should we Change How Redistricting is Done? Does the Nomination Process Serve the Public Interest?) The Impact of Citizens United v. FEC on the Campaign Finance Laws

5- Interest Groups and the Parties (Unions and the 2008 Democratic Nomination Race, The Christian Right and the Kansas Republican Party, Trial Lawyers and Party in Congress. Americans for prosperity and the 2010 Ks. State Elections

6- Recent third Parties or independent candidacies in American Politics (Naders Effect on the 2000 Presidential Election, Can the Green Party become a permanent fixture in American politics, Third Parties: Future Possibilities)

7- The Impact of the media on contemporary American Politics (Radio Talk Shows and Party Politics, The National Media: Liberal, Conservative, Pro-Democrat or Pro- Republican, The Media and the 2008 Election)

8- Parties, elections and technology (Does the New Campaign Technology Undermine Political Parties?, Political Consultants and their party Connections, Campaigning on the internet; Does it work?, The Internet and the Obama Campaign

9- Political Personalities and their impact on the parties (The Continuing Influence of Bill Clinton in the Democratic Party, The Obama Campaign: Celebrity or Substance? Sara Palin in 2010

10- Parties in the Congress (The Blue Dog Democrats and the Obama Presidency, Party Unity and Health Care Legislation)

Comparative Study of State and Local Governments


American federalism is one of the most effective methods for sustaining American democracy. This overlapping and complementary system of government allows for citizens at all levels to develop their own governance structures and provide services to constituencies. However, there appears to be drawbacks to these systems as well as each State and Local government pursues its own government methodology with differing results. Each of these systems has its strengths and weaknesses.

During this assignment, students will analyze and compare three state and local governments that are recognize for their distinctive features, which separate themselves from the norm. Students will examine the following three case studies and comparatively analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each.

I need an Abstract too, plus a table of contents. APA writing style, 12 font. All double spaced, including the abstract.
I added an addition page, for a total of 11 to count the abstract. The body of the work should be 10 pages though. If you can add at least 1 or 2 legal case studies to the body of the work that would be great. I also need a title page cover. Also, the entire paper from title page to the very last page needs to be numbered. The numbers need to be on the top right hand corner of the paper. The references need to be alphabetically arranged, i.e. A..... B......C...., etc.

Title page should have my name and info as stated below

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

By

Jerald M. Eckman

Southern Illinois University Carbondale

Submitted to Michael Dukes

naturally have it centered and look nice, but please everything numbered and please run it throught your plagurism check to make sure it's clean. Thank you!!

I need a 7 page paper for the Midterm for my American Studies class. I will be faxing over the questions for the miderm. I need the paper to be at least seven pages and it needs to be double spaced with a MLA bibliography. Thanks
There are faxes for this order.

This essay needs to answer these two questions about American National Security: What are the dangers associated with employing military forces in a compellent role? What nonmilitary factors of national power can be employed in a compellent role?

Please use Chicago Manual style footnotes. 5 to 6 pages. No definite number of sources needed, but here is a good start:


Nye, Joseph, Soft Power and American Foreign Policy, Political Science Quartery, Vol. 19 No. 2 (2004) pp. 255-270).

Nye, Joseph, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, (Public Affairs Publishers: New York, 2004).

Schelling, Thomas, Arms and Influence, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966).

Treverton, Gregory, Framing Compellent Strategies, (Washington, D.C.: RAND Monograph Report, 2000).

Art, Robert J. Coercive Diplomacy: What Do We Know? In The United States and Coercive Diplomacy, edited by Robert J. Art and Patrick M. Cronin, 359-420. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2003.

Hastedt, Glenn P. American Foreign Policy. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008.

Sarkesian, Sam C., John Allen Williams, and Stephen J. Cimbala. U.S. National Security: Policymakers, Processes and Politics. 4th ed. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2008.
There are faxes for this order.

Cultural diversity project knowledge of historical and cultural contexts of late nineteenth centruy, modern and contemporary american literature and ability to use primary and secondary sources as well as their own insights to write about literature. Use primary and secondary sources as well as own reflections and insights to write an essay on an american indian writer (vine deloria) in relation to the american indican movement. 500 words two to three pages. number of sources must be at least three from reputable sources. sources must follow documentation styles of APA. sources used must be cited within the essay as well as on a References list at end of paper. citations within the text of the essay give credit to sources of quotations and paraphrased and summarized ideas and refer readers to the more complete citations on works cited or references list. citations in the tex and on the works cited or references list follow conventions of either APA style. the essay includes insights of the student writing the paper. I am an american indian Lakota heritage (mixed blood) teh essay demonstrates college level writing skills in lcarity and correctness in expressing ideas. This paper would be good to incorporate the Heath web site by utilizing the time line there if possible. Must also look at reputable sites such as American Indian Heritage sites, must be web addresses or on line book sites that can be easily accessed by teacher....you can also use the Civil Rights movement timeline from infoplease database sponsored by pearson education inc. Remeber this is a class that utilizes the HEath novels (letter E) whatever you can find that will fit into this essay would be helpful...

A research paper over public health in america and american urban history.
Focus on public health concerns in MAJOR american cities AFTER the Civil War to World War II.
What were these concerns? How were these concerns solved?
How did the undertaking of handling public health issues help the development of MAJOR cities in the U.S. Give specfic examples of major cities and what they did and what these cities problems were.
Make sure that water and water supply is given much attention in this paper. Also talk about human waste, and garbage collecting, etc. Dont be limited to these suggestion, but make sure water is given attention.

Compare and contrast the focused theme of the role of the monarchy (sin of the monarchy as well) between Thomas Payne's ideas in Common Sense to Peter Oliver's ideas in The Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion. Please address the sincerity of each author regarding their ideas. Also, the human nature element of the common man in relation to the need for or elimination thereof the monarchy.

The author Seymour Lipsett writes a work called American Exceptionalism. What he means by this is that America is not necessarily better or worse than the rest of the world just very different. Do you disagree with this? If so why? If you do believe this what do you see as the most important differences and why?

Read "American Beliefs." Then, in a 1,000-word essay (labeled 9.1), respond to one of the following questions.




Weekly Question (select one and respond in a 1,000- word essay):



1. In Chapter Six (?Religious and Moral Beliefs?) McElroy lists the following Religious and Moral Beliefs:

God Created Nature and Human Beings
God Created a Law of Right and Wrong
Doing What Is Right Is Necessary for Happiness
God Gave Men the Same Birthrights
America Is a Chosen Country

2. In Chapter Seven (?Social Beliefs?) McElroy lists the following Social Beliefs:

Society Is a Collection of Individuals
Every Person?s Success Improves Society
Achievement Determines Social Rank

Briefly summarize what McElroy has to say about these primary beliefs? Do you agree that they are primary beliefs of the American people? If not, why not?


3. In Chapter Eight (?Political Beliefs?) McElroy lists the following Political Beliefs:

The People Are Sovereign
The Least Government Possible Is Best
A Written Constitution Is Essential to
Government
A Majority Decides
Worship Is a Matter of Conscience

Briefly summarize what McElroy has to say about these primary beliefs? Do you agree that they are primary beliefs of the American people? If not, why not?

4. In Chapter Nine (?Beliefs on Human Nature?) McElroy list the following Beliefs on Human Nature:

Almost All Human Beings Want to Do What Is Right
Human Beings Will Abuse Power When They Have It

Briefly summarize what McElroy has to say about these primary beliefs? Do you agree that they are primary beliefs of the American people? If not, why not?

5. In Chapter Ten (?American Culture Today, and Tomorrow?) McElroy provides a conclusion, as well as a prediction. With specific reference to the preceding chapters, do you agree or disagree with McElroy?s analysis?

8-10 Page Paper

Topic:
American religious history developed largely out of the tension between the fundamentalist, doctrinal strain of American religion and the liberal, open strain.
The Fundamentalist strain adheres to rigidly constructed dogmas, narrowly defining orthodoxy. Anxious about diluting the truths of religious doctrine, Fundamentalists prize individual accountability to set beliefs and religious sytems. Fundamentalists tend to advocate faithfulness to a demanding God while minimizing broadly construed human concerns.
The Liberals advocate free exploration of truth without the constraints of well defined dogma. Anxious about the limits imposed on the individual by denominations, doctrines, and traditions, Liberals prize intellectual liberty. Liberals tend to advocate for broadly construed human concerns and rights and minimize individual faithfulness to an exacting God.
Choose one of the eras we studied in this class and explain how these two forces interacted, thereby setting the course of American religious history. You need to discuss both the specific aspects of the two forces and to place them in the context of American Religious History.
Guidelines:
Be specific. Choose thinkers and or writings that express either the fundamental or liberal side clearly.
Include your own analysis of the material and provide a thoughtful conclusion. Do not be afraid to take sides, your grade on this paper will not reflect the degree to which you agree with me. I am interested in what you have to say on the topic you have chosen.
Be clear ? be sure to organize the paper before writing it. Use simple sentence construction which means try not to be wordy. Always have someone else proof read your paper before submitting it and never hand in your first draft.
At some point in the paper, define the fundamentalist and liberal positions for the era you chose. Though there are common themes connecting fundamentalists and liberals each age emphasized specific topics.
You should reference 8 to 10 sources, or more, in writing this paper, no more than 2 of which can be internet sources. Try to access primary sources (written at the time which you are writing about) and scholarly works. Use only one reference book such as an encyclopedia.
You are to use the MLA style which means you should use parenthetical notation (if you are unfamiliar with the MLA format for citations please address the following website, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/02/, or an MLA handbook.) Your paper should average between two and four citations per page, or more. Remember, you cannot include too many citations; too few, however, can hurt your grade.

? Select an organization with which you are familiar. Prepare a 1,750- to 2,100-word paper in which you address the following as it relates to that organization:

o Differentiate between management and leadership.
o Describe the roles and responsibilities that organizational managers and leaders play in creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture.
o Evaluate the affect of globalization and management across borders.
o Recommend at least two strategies that organizational managers and leaders can use to create and maintain a healthy organizational culture. Support your recommendations with the concepts discussed in class and in the text, as well as your personal experiences.

? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

The company is: The American Heart Association

I am requesting writer: amber111#
Reference my earlier order #: A2098441

Instructions:
Overview:
Using only the course material that I have provided (see attached files). No other material is allowed. Analyze the provided Opinion Editorial (OpEd) from the perspective of the President of the United States, and in the mindset of his national decision making process.

Requirements:
1. Take the role of the President of the United States and analyze the authors premise in the Opinion Editorial (OpEd). The analysis should be delivered in first-person (not third person).

2. Provide Courses of Action (COA) (the What) the US should take to address issues identified in the article and in that region of the world.

3. Show how each suggested Courses of Action would support specific US National Interests (Security, Values, Prosperity, and International Order) [the reason why we are taking the actions]. Your COAs should cover all four US National Interests.

4. Your Courses of Action should show how the Instruments of National Power (IOP) (Diplomatic, Informational, Military, or Economic) would be employed (the How, limit your discussion to the most important one or two IOPs per COA).

5. Your Courses of Action should be something the President can implement. (i.e. show how he will enforce, enact, encourage, and/or recommend your courses of action for implementation in the National Decision Making Process, the Who)

6. Include an analysis/discussion of the issues for the entire region of the Middle East and any neighboring relations in the context of the OpEds issues. (How would your courses of action affect other countries in the region? What about neighboring countries? the Where)

7. The essay should be a focused analysis using relevant concepts and specific examples from the provided course material (no other material is allowed) to support your Courses of Action.

Specifics:
1. 13 page - double-space, single-sided, 1 inch margins, Times New Roman 12 point font.

2. Use at least 17 course material references. At least 10 should be separate/different.

3. For course material references, include bracketed authors name and page number at the end of the statement [Brown, pg 167].

4. Include a reference page at the end of the essay (not to be counted as part of your essay for page count/length). The reference for course material should identify the author, lesson, reading number, and page number. Example:

Brown, L. Lesson 3, Reading 5 of 8.
Brown, Lestor R., The New Geopolitics of Food, Foreign Policy, 2011, 167, pps. 166 to 172.

5. Please DO NOT use direct quotations like you did in the first assignment.

6. In the intro, please tell me what the essay is going to talk about and highlight the Courses of Action and the key points to read for throughout the document?

7. Please take a position and made a statement. Please use words like compare, analyze, evaluate, show, prove; and then follow through in the essay to accomplish just that. Avoid words like discuss or consider.

8. In the conclusion, recap the major points (the Courses of Action and the Who, What, When, Where, and Hows) and a re-statement of your thesis, having been proved or defended.


Opinion Editorial (OpEd)
Reprinted from Early Bird, 30 March 2012. Published by Current News Service. Originally published in Wall Street Journal, 30 March 2012.
Helping Arab Democrats
By Wall Street Journal
The U.S. has a chance to aid pro-American reformers in Tunisia.
The Obama Administrations response to the past years Middle East convulsions wont make any Best of American Foreign Policy lists. It was slow to recognize popular uprisings against authoritarian rulers and reluctant to lead. Which makes Thursdays decision to give Tunisias new government a helping hand notable and welcome.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced that the Administration wants to give Tunisia $100 million this year. This isnt a standard assistance package that funds U.S. consultants, but a direct injection of cash into the governments coffers. The U.S. would also set aside $30 million to guarantee Tunisian government bonds, which will ease its access to international capital markets.
In tight fiscal times, Congress is rightly skeptical about foreign aid and would need to sign off. But this is an easy call.
Tunisia matters beyond its size. The so-called Arab Spring started in this North African state of 10 million in December 2010, after a fruit vendor set himself on fire to protest unaccountable government. The next month, Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali was the first Arab dictator forced out of power; rulers in Egypt, Libya and Yemen followed.
Tunisias post-revolutionary experience is exceptional. While Libya and Syria descended into civil war, and Egypt was misruled by the military and saw radical Islamists empowered in the last year, Tunisias path has been smoother. In October elections, the Islamist Nahda party won the most votes, but other groups did well too.
Nahda formed a broad coalition government, pledged to honor Tunisias secular traditions, and reached out to the U.S. The Muslim Brotherhood, the dominant force in Egypt after recent elections, has done none of these things. Nahda has kept its word, announcing this week that the new constitution wouldnt mention Islamic law, or Shariah, as a source of legislation.
During Mrs. Clintons visit to Tunis last month, Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali told her that Tunisia wanted a close, strategic relationship with the U.S. By coming through yesterday, Mrs. Clinton has shown Tunisians??"and people across the Arab world??"that the U.S. helps its friends.
While the political transition has gone well, Tunisias economic problems have deepened. The tourism industry has shrunk by a third, driving down economic growth (by 1.8%) and raising joblessness. Investment and visitors remain wary, though economic growth has started to revive. The U.S. aid would cover urgent needs and encourage economic reform. Americas support might prod the dilatory European Union and oil-rich Arab states to pitch in as well. Tunis is seeking $1 billion in outside support this year.
With its good public works and a skilled work force, Tunisia wont need handouts indefinitely. Longer-term relationships will be built on trade and investment. In his speech on the Middle East last May, President Obama promised to pursue bilateral free trade agreements with the regions budding democracies, but he then dropped the subject.
The Administration could revive the idea by striking a trade deal with the easiest case first, Tunisia. Heres another idea: Designate Tunisia a strategic and economic partner, as the U.S. did with Georgia and similarly strategic countries.
Todays Tunisia offers an antidote to the pessimism about the Arab world. With American help, it has a chance to show the rest of the Middle East that political pluralism can result in new prosperity.






Please e-mail me that you have received and fully understand these instructions.
The turn around time is 5 calendar days; the 8th of July by 3PM EST.
Thanks,
Mr. Duck
[email protected]

There are faxes for this order.

TO: Jowriter63

THE POPULAR ARTS IN AMERICA: POPULAR MUSIC

THINKING ABOUT MUSIC AND SOCIAL CHANGE

Popular music has always been involved in social change. Social change has been pushed forward by the influence of popular music and, frequently, been driven by it. The American Labor Movement of the early twentieth century was sustained and spread by the songs of Joe Hill and Aunt Molly Jackson ? songs that are still sung in union halls across the nation. The explosion of religious fundamentalism and revivalist church movements in the late nineteenth century that led to the Second Great Awakening was, in large measure, both a product and an outgrowth of interest in the Negro spiritual and the religious fervor that it brought to black Baptist church services. ?The Jazz Age? referenced jazz music, not only as an emblematic appellation, but also as the central embodiment of a time when America broke from the attitudes and conventions of the past to enter a new age that celebrated spontaneity and personal freedom. And, for those who lived through the 1950s and 60s, popular music was the wellspring of change that reshaped their lives and altered the course of history in the second half of the twentieth century.

Sometimes social change was addressed directly in popular music as in Bob Dylan?s protest songs of the early 1960s, Sam Cooke?s ?A Change Is Gonna Come? in 1963, Neil Young?s ?Ohio? in 1970, U2?s ?Sunday Bloody Sunday? in 1983, Public Enemy?s ?Fight The Power? in 1989, and, more recently, Tom Morello?s ?One Man Revolution.? More often, popular music has been an indirect ? but powerful ? force for social change by changing people?s attitudes and beliefs. The emergence of rock and roll in the 1950s was not intentionally focused on creating a social or cultural change in the United States, but rock and roll brought enormous change to America in our attitudes about race, behavior, sex, lifestyle, and, especially, young people. The music of the counterculture in the 1960s and ?70s pushed the boundaries of social conventions to the extreme and ?sex, drugs, and rock and roll? not only described the content of popular music but the sweeping changes in our social fabric that counterculture music advocated and produced. Hip-hop began as an isolated musical phenomenon in the Bronx in the 1970s that eventually opened up the popular mainstream to new ideas about what music could be and, simultaneously, made the culture of America?s inner cities a powerful force across the full spectrum of our society. Almost every movement in popular music from jazz in the 1920s to pop-punk in the 1990s has produced a collateral change in our culture and society.

YOUR ASSIGNMENT

Offer an informed opinion on ONE of the following topics (pick only one):

Topic One ? Songs of Influence

?If there is something to be changed in this world, then it can only happen through music.?
--Phil Ochs

Songwriters have a way of reaching into our conscience, heart, and soul like only poets can. And when a singer gives voice to the written word, change may come about. Pick a song on a particular topic from the past that you believe was instrumental in bringing about social change. Describe the topic and its relationship to social change, then tell the reader how the song addressed that topic, and, finally, offer an informed opinion as to the effect of that song in bringing about social change.

As example:

?Strange Fruit?

Southern trees bear a strange fruit,
Blood on the leaves and blood at the root,
Black body swinging in the Southern breeze,?
Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees.

Pastoral scene of the gallant South,
The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth,
Scent of magnolia sweet and fresh,
And the sudden smell of burning flesh!

Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck,
For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck,
For the sun to rot, for a tree to drop,
Here is a strange and bitter crop.

?Strange Fruit? was written by a New York City public school teacher named Abel Meeropol as a poem originally titled ?Bitter Fruit? that he first published in 1937 under the pseudonym ?Lewis Allan.? Meeropol had seen a postcard of the lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith in Marion, Indiana in 1930 that was made from a photograph taken by Lawrence Beitler. Photographic postcards of public lynchings were common in the 1920s and ?30s and were often taken as souvenirs of such events (http://withoutsanctuary.org/). It is estimated that more than 4000 lynchings took place in the United States between 1890 and 1940, most in the South, and most of the victims were black.

Meeropol set his poem to music in 1939 and took it to Barney Josephson, the owner of Caf? Society. Caf? Society was the first fully integrated nightclub in New York City and became a haven for both jazz musicians and audiences who wanted to hear jazz presented ?with dignity and respect.? Billie Holiday was the first performer to play at Caf? Society and she was a regular for two years. Meeropol approached Josephson in hopes that Holiday would perform his song. Holiday agreed and she and her pianist, Sonny White, refashioned Meeropol?s simple tune into what would become her signature song. Holiday closed every set with it. Barney Josephson remembered, ?When she sang ?Strange Fruit,? she never moved. Her hands went down. She didn?t even touch the mike. The tears never interfered with her voice. But the tears would come??

Holiday wanted to record the song, but even John Hammond, who held Holiday?s recording contract, was reluctant. Holiday persisted and Hammond allowed for a one-session release from her contract for Milt Gabler at Commodore Records to make the recording. Sonny White provided a 70 second piano introduction and ?Strange Fruit? became Billie Holiday?s biggest selling record.

?Strange Fruit? exposed the American public to a particular and horrific aspect of racism in the United States and created a public outcry that eventually led to the enactment of anti-lynching laws in all fifty states?after the failure of the U.S. Congress to enact federal anti-lynching legislation. Missouri Congressman Leonidas C. Dyer had proposed an anti-lynching bill in the U.S. House of Representatives as early as 1918 and that legislation was subsequently passed by the House in 1922. However, Southern Democrats defeated the bill when it came before the Senate. In 1935, the Costigan-Wagner Anti-Lynching Bill was introduced in the Senate and, again, the Southern block defeated the legislation. Over time, more than 200 anti-lynching bills were introduced in Congress and three were eventually passed by the House, but the Southern block in the Senate defeated all three. The ideological justification for the intransigence of the Southern states to support anti-lynching legislation was perhaps best stated by Senator and former Governor of South Carolina Benjamin Tillman, who campaigned as the ?Champion of White Men?s Rule and Woman?s Virtue? in the 1890s. Tillman, from the floor of the Senate, declared:

?We of the South have never recognized the right of the Negro to govern white men, and we never will. We have never believed him to be the equal of the white man, and we will not submit to his gratifying his lust on our wives and daughters without lynching him.?

The public awareness that was created by ?Strange Fruit? brought the issue of lynching before a national audience and was instrumental in changing public opinion about one of the darkest tragedies in our racial history. Today, ?Strange Fruit? continues to be sung as a reminder of that dark chapter in our nation?s history and as a cautionary warning about the pernicious effects of human injustice on our national character.

In 2005, the U.S. Senate passed a non-binding resolution to apologize for its failure to enact anti-lynching legislation. One of the sponsors of the resolution, Senator Mary Landrieu of Louisiana, submitted a copy of ?Strange Fruit? to the Senate Record when introducing the resolution and said, ?Something in the way she sang this song, something in the pictures that described the event, must have touched the heart of Americans, because they began to mobilize, and men and women, white and black, people from different backgrounds, came to stand up and begin to speak?while the Senate of the United States, one of the most noble experiments in democracy, continued to pretend that this was not happening in America and continued to fail to act.?

(741 words exclusive of song lyrics?and this would be an ?A? paper. It should go without saying that ?Strange Fruit? is not an acceptable topic for this assignment.)

Topic Two ? Popular Music and Social Change in the Present

Although protest songs and songs intent on social change have a long and rich history in the United States, the last decade of the 20th century saw a marked decline in the tradition of socially conscious music and protest songs. However, the 9/11 attacks, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and, more recently, the Occupy Wall Street movement have provoked renewed interest in protest songs and those that promote social commentary. As in the topic above, pick a song ? or songs ? that actively address a contemporary social issue and you believe are or may be instrumental in bringing about social change. Describe the topic and its relationship to social change, then tell the reader how the song or songs addressed that topic, and, finally, offer an informed opinion as to the effectiveness of that song or those songs in bringing about social change.

It is, of course, advisable to cite outside sources for support and frame your argument in the form of a formal essay (Look over ?Presenting Arguments,? ?Tips On Writing Papers,? and ?Critical Thinking? in the Syllabus).

Characterizing Paper Grades

"A" Papers

An "A" paper shows an obvious understanding of the topic, reveals a comprehension of that topic that is comprehensive and detailed, and reflects a thoughtful consideration both of the thesis that is selected and the conclusions that are reached. The argument that is presented should be distinctive and original. It should be well organized, logical, and clearly supported by evidence. Its conclusions should be arrived at after considering opposing viewpoints and able to withstand serious challenges.

Structurally, it presents its argument clearly, develops it logically, and leads to conclusions that are well supported by evidence. In terms of style, it is easy to read, engaging, and holds the readers interest throughout. The writing should be economical and precise.

Overall, an "A" paper indicates that very careful, meticulous, and conscientious attention was given to the opinion and ideas that are presented and reveals a high level of thought and comprehension in the formation and development of the argument.